Results of minimally invasive quick definitive fixation of unstable bony pelvic disruption by combined retrosacral transiliac rods and anterior external fixator during a critical national period

<p class="abstract">Unstable pelvic ring fractures are challenging injuries regarding their reduction and stabilization. The presented study evaluates the results of a minimally invasive and quick one-stage stabilization of sacral fractures combined with bilateral pubic rami fractures during a period of national limited resources and decreased general security aiming at reduction of the duration of hospital stay and overall costs. Sixteen patients with unilateral sacral fractures and bilateral pubic rami fractures without lumbosacral dissociation were fixed by two retrosacral threaded transiliac rods and an anterior external fixator. Results were assessed with Majeed score and Matta-Tornetta radiologic criteria for post-operative reduction. The follow up period averaged 23 months. There were 9 cases excellent, 4 cases good and 3 cases fair. The duration of surgery and the number of intra-operative X-ray images were recorded. The presented technique is simple, reproducible and quick for one-stage fixation of the unstable pelvic bony disruption. It reduces the operative time, radiation exposure, duration of hospital stays and cost of care during a critical national period with limited resources. </p>

Conclusion

This concluding chapter offers a judgment of Henry Kissinger in Latin America. The customary approach for historians is to ask first the “change and continuity” question. Scholars sympathetic to Kissinger were troubled by Kissinger's actions in Latin America and fell back on the argument that his policies were no different than those of his predecessors or successors. Critical scholars assumed that Kissinger's actions in Chile and throughout Latin America were unprecedented in their depravity. What cannot be ignored is that the gross violation of human rights that marked life in the 1970s was unprecedented in the history of Latin America in the national period. Responsibility for the murders, disappearances, and tortures must be assigned.

Conclusion

This conclusion traces how early American political music was used throughout the nineteenth century. While political music in the early nation was often ephemeral, some of it proved surprisingly durable. Not only were songs from the early national period still performed, printed, and compiled in the following decades, but their melodies were used to carry new lyrics responding to later political developments. At times, early American political music was adapted and repurposed for sectional and election purposes. Focusing on the example of Joseph Hopkinson’s “Hail Columbia,” this conclusion highlights how political music created in the early American republic was circulated in song collections, performed on varied occasions, and used to create new music through the end of the nineteenth century.

PERSONAL NAMES AND NICKNAMES OF MEDIEVAL TVER

The article analyzes a regional system of personal names in the Pre-National period. With reference to the anthroponyms recorded in «Patrol book, Tver 1616», the authors focus on the ways of structural changes of the full forms of male Christian personal names in everyday communication. The article also describes the composition and frequency of the Christian and pre-Christian names and nicknames, which were used by the inhabitants of Tver this period.

Language of Spain: from Pre-Literary Period to National Period

A complex sentence has its own special formal, semantic, communicative, pragmatic and situational status. As a structural-semantic system unity, it is built on subordination of its predicative components and is based on formal-grammatical unity, semantic independence, communicative-pragmatic orientation and reference-pragmatic correlation. The changes of this syntactic unit are subject to general laws of the evolution of the Spanish language. One of the important factors in the theory of the evolution of the Spanish complex sentence is the transformation of its volume.Changes in the volume of a complex sentence occur in accordance with the general line of changes in the composition of the sentence. The main line of movement is characterized from a simple form through a vague structure to a gradual complication and to clear structure. Sentence as one of the most important informative elements in the process of communication reacted quickly to historical changes in society and to changes in language. In general, a sentence in Spanish undergoes a complex process of transformation from a rather elementary prolatine model with a limited number of word forms due to semantic complication and redundancy in the structure of a multicomponent complex sentence, or so-called polynomial, and to significant formal simplification. The study proved that the sentence structure in Spanish has three main periods in its development from prolatine model in the pre-literary period, through a paratactic polynomial in the donation period and to a hypotactic polynomial model in the national period. As a result, the reduction of sentence contributed to the emergence of various semantic connections between the main and subordinate parts. At each period of the development of a complex sentence was created its own special communicative- pragmatic model and was characterized by general patterns and special features in theirstructure and functioning The most common polynomials in Spanish were hypotactic, structured on the subordinate connection of sequence, parallelism, homogeneity, which expands its denotative and significant information.

Brown and Classicism

Charles Brockden Brown embraced the classical tradition in English literature, as can be seen from his many references to Greek and Roman historiographers, poets, and philosophers. His retellings of ancient events and his portraits of classical figures questioned central maxims in the writing of history which derived from Cicero and had been practiced by the later school of eighteenth-century exemplary historiography. While Brown’s classicism has been frequently interpreted along the line of the growing political tensions in the 1790s, this chapter shows that his adaptations of classical sources are motivated less by a partisan spirit than by Brown’s understanding of himself as a civic commentator and public intellectual. Brown’s Roman stories and his numerous essays on topics related to classical antiquity have to be seen as an intervention in the formation and enlargement of public opinion in the early national period.

✦ North American Saints ✦

This chapter traces saint-seeking from 1884 to 1925, providing short biographies of the early U.S. nominees for sainthood, most of whom were European missionaries to North America in the colonial and early national period. It argues that these prospective saints served as double symbols, proving to Rome that holiness had flourished on American soil and demonstrating to Protestant Americans that Catholics could be loyal U.S. citizens. This chapter highlights the connections between hagiography and historiography in the work of prominent church leaders like James Cardinal Gibbons and John Gilmary Shea, provides short biographies of the Jesuit Martyrs and other early nominees for sainthood, explains key terms such as postulator, and outlines the procedures for canonization and its precursor, beatification.

American and Catholic and Literature: What Cultural History Helps Reveal

This chapter focuses on the so-called “American Catholic literature” (in the form of diaries, journals, and descriptive accounts of their work intended for European sponsors). With the development of a print culture in the early national period, an American literature designed for a domestic audience began to emerge. The U.S. Catholic Church soon grew sufficiently well organized to generate its own separate literary apparatus meeting the varied needs of immigrants and acculturated readers alike. Catholics were melded into a parallel reading public by their common faith, largely insulated from a national literary industry supplying Protestant readers with tales of moral uplift and sentimental piety not so very different from the Catholic versions.