The effect of stress on memory for temporal context: an exploratory study

ABSTRACTTrauma memories can appear dissociated from their original temporal context, and are often relived as they occur in the here-and-now. Potentially these temporal distortions already occur during encoding of the aversive experience as a consequence of stress. Here, 86 participants were subjected to either a stress or control induction, after which they learned the temporal structure of four virtual days. In these virtual days, time was scaled and participants could use clock cues to construe the passage of time within a day. We examined whether stress causes a shift in the learning strategy from one based on virtual time to one based on event sequence. Our results do not show a discernible impact of stress on memory for temporal context, in terms of both sequence memory and more fine-grained representations of time. The stress groups showed more extreme performance trajectories, either good or poor, across all measures. However, as time estimations were overall quite poor it is unclear to what extent this reflected a true strategy shift. Future avenues of research that can build on these findings are discussed.

Correlational Evidence for the Role of Spatial Perspective-Taking Ability in the Mental Rotation of Human-Like Objects

People can mentally rotate objects that resemble human bodies more efficiently than nonsense objects in the same/different judgment task. Previous studies proposed that this human-body advantage in mental rotation is mediated by one's projections of body axes onto a human-like object, implying that human-like objects elicit a strategy shift, from an object-based to an egocentric mental rotation. To test this idea, we investigated whether mental rotation performance involving a human-like object had a stronger association with spatial perspective-taking, which entails egocentric mental rotation, than a nonsense object. In the present study, female participants completed a chronometric mental rotation task with nonsense and human-like objects. Their spatial perspective-taking ability was then assessed using the Road Map Test and the Spatial Orientation Test. Mental rotation response times (RTs) were shorter for human-like than for nonsense objects, replicating previous research. More importantly, spatial perspective-taking had a stronger negative correlation with RTs for human-like than for nonsense objects. These findings suggest that human-like stimuli in the same/different mental rotation task induce a strategy shift toward efficient egocentric mental rotation.

Guatemala plans bold new security strategy for 2017

Subject Security strategy shift. Significance On January 5, President Jimmy Morales announced plans to withdraw the military from civilian security duties by the end of 2017. The security policy shift comes amid indications that crime rates are beginning to fall. However, a reduction of the military’s presence on the streets will see the bulk of security duties fall upon the police force, which continues to struggle with allegations of corruption and may be ill prepared for the task ahead. Impacts The government’s apparent confidence in declining crime rates will be well received by potential investors. Should it be successful, the move may encourage similar policies in neighbouring countries that struggle with violent crime. The military’s renewed focus on conventional duties may be a warning to Belize in the countries’ border dispute.

Inotera Memories: Leader or Dreamer

This case can be divided into two sections. The first section focuses on how Inotera Memories can effectively analyze capital expenditure and return on investment for long-term capital budgeting in a capital-intensive, highly volatile and competitive industry. The following section is to highlight the strategy shift of Inotera. The DRAM business environment is highly volatile, and continuously requires large amounts of capital to improve process technologies, reduce production costs and achieve economies of scale. The challenge is greater because Inotera Memories is a joint venture of two entities with very different backgrounds, cultures and objectives, but which are not necessarily incompatible. Fei Lin, an assistant vice president in Inotera, and Charles Kau, the president of Inotera, play the central roles in this case study. Fei has been instructed to prepare a report to the board of directors that presents an effective investment evaluation model to ensure the success of Inotera's business model and expansion project. On the other hand, Charles proposed the issue of strategy shift to determine how it has been implemented and whether it needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, and new market segments.

POLITENESS STRATEGIES APPLIED IN THE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN THE DA VINCI CODE AND ITS TRANSLATION

<p>This research aims at identifying what and how politeness strategies are applied in the directive speech act in The Da Vinci Code and how they are transfered into their translation. There are twenty four data gained from chapter one to chapter twenty of the novel. First, the researcher identify the directive speech act in The Da Vinci Code, the utterances then classified based on the politeness strategy applied in the context. In the analysis the utterances are described based on the situational context. The analysis also explain why the speaker apply the strategy. The strategy used in the source text is then compared with that in the source text. There are some conclussions derived; only three strategies propossed by Brown and Levinson were apllied in the directive speech act. They are bald on record, positive politenss and negative politeness. There is no off record strategy applied in the data. The same communicant (the speakers and hearers) applied different strategies in different situation, meaning that there is no single strategy applied to similar interlocutors at anytime.All the strategies applied in the source text are transferred exactly into the same strategies in the target text. There is no strategy shift found.</p>

Counting on Using a Number Game

Learn how educators can help children who persistently use the counting-all strategy shift to using counting on for adding quantities.