Inotera Memories: Leader or Dreamer

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Yih-Wen Shyu ◽  
William Reinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Strategy Shift

This case can be divided into two sections. The first section focuses on how Inotera Memories can effectively analyze capital expenditure and return on investment for long-term capital budgeting in a capital-intensive, highly volatile and competitive industry. The following section is to highlight the strategy shift of Inotera. The DRAM business environment is highly volatile, and continuously requires large amounts of capital to improve process technologies, reduce production costs and achieve economies of scale. The challenge is greater because Inotera Memories is a joint venture of two entities with very different backgrounds, cultures and objectives, but which are not necessarily incompatible. Fei Lin, an assistant vice president in Inotera, and Charles Kau, the president of Inotera, play the central roles in this case study. Fei has been instructed to prepare a report to the board of directors that presents an effective investment evaluation model to ensure the success of Inotera's business model and expansion project. On the other hand, Charles proposed the issue of strategy shift to determine how it has been implemented and whether it needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, and new market segments.

Cilindro del Sur and United Gas Products: An International Application of the Strategic Cost Management Framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Canace ◽  
Paul E Juras
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Strategic Cost Management

ABSTRACT This case provides students with an opportunity to apply project valuation methodologies in an international context. The dynamics of the case offer more complexity than typical textbook capital budgeting problems because, while the identity has been disguised, the case is based on a real company. We complement recent pedagogical literature on strategic cost management (Blocher 2009) by applying a five-stage information value chain to our case setting. Students must consider both the financial and strategic factors to make a unified decision about whether an industrial gases joint venture should expand operations into Guatemala. Students are asked to perform thorough financial analysis using advanced spreadsheet modeling techniques to support their decision. Equally important, they are required to research the socio-political-economic factors, and to assess the joint venture's competitive and strategic landscape. The primary deliverable is a written recommendation, in the form of a business case, which is submitted to the Vice President of the U.S. joint venture partner. This component addresses concerns raised in recent literature (Matherly and Burney 2009) about the lack of emphasis in current accounting curricula on developing students' writing competencies in a relevant context.

Noordin Sopite, Chew Lay See and Lim Siang Jin (eds.). ASI:.""AN at the OOSSToads: Obstacles, Options and Opportunities in Economic Cooperatjon. Malaysia: Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) 1987.577 pp.Price: (hardbound edition) USS 25.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preferential Trading Arrangements

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established In 1967 as a loosely structured inter-governmental organization, which provided a framework for discussing problems that required a regional solution. For a long time, the reduction of regional political tensions remained the main concern of ASEAN. Serious efforts towards promoting intra-regional co-operation began in 1976 with emphasis on trade liberalization and industrial co-operation. But apart from a few cases, involving the regional economies and collective external bargaining, the record of economic co-operation has been poor, because of different levels of economic development of the member countries, mutually competitive exports.. inward• looking industrial policies and heavy dependence on the industrialized countries for investment, technology and trade. So far, there have been only three intra-ASEAN agreements to promote market sharing and a pooling of resources: the preferential trade arrangements, the industrial complementation agreement, designed to develop links in certain industries to achieve greater economies of scale, and the industrial joint venture agreement, which provides preferential treatment for products of joint ventures involving the companies of at least two ASEAN member countries. However the joint venture scheme has had only limited success because of delays in implementation, while the scope of the preferential trading arrangements has been limited by the consensus approach in solving outstanding issues and by the concern of higher-tariff member countries to protect domestic production and employment. As a result, tariffs have been reduced only on intra-regional trade of selected non-sensitive items. Most of the items covered in the preferential trade agreements have low trade content and minimal trade potential. The arrangements have also been difficult to manage because of problems of administering the rules of origin.

Commercialization of cellular immunotherapies for cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Walker ◽  
Robert Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Antibody Therapeutics ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Very High

Successful commercialization of a cell therapy requires more than proving safety and efficacy to the regulators. The inherent complexity of cellular products delivers particular manufacturing, logistical and reimbursement hurdles that threaten commercial viability for any therapy with a less than spectacular clinical profile that truly changes the standard of care. This is particularly acute for autologous cell therapies where patients receive bespoke treatments manufactured from a sample of their own cells and where economies of scale, which play an important role in containing the production costs for small molecule and antibody therapeutics, are highly limited. Nevertheless, the promise of ‘game-changing’ efficacy, as exemplified by very high levels of complete responses in refractory haematological malignancies, has attracted capital investments on a vast scale, and the attendant pace of technology development provides promising indicators for future clinical and commercial success.

scholarly journals Efektywność produkcji FAME na podstawie wymagań normy ISO 14045:2012

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Michał Pajda ◽  
◽  
Wojciech Mazela ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the work was to present the issue of eco-efficiency, based on the PN-EN ISO 14045:2012 standard in relation to the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The ecoefficiency analysis takes into account economic and environmental aspects in the improvement of products and processes / technologies. Eco-efficiency considers the product and technology throughout the life cycle, from the construction phase, through use to decommissioning. The impact on the natural environment is assessed on the basis of: consumption of energy, materials, dust and gas emissions, waste and sewage. Total costs include: production costs, raw material costs, costs during the use phase including maintenance, repair and operating costs, product disposal or recycling. The eco-efficiency analysis is helpful in making decisions regarding the selection of a new product or designing a new technology, and enables the selection of the variant that is the most economical and has the least possible impact on the natural environment. These issues are particularly important in the case of biofuels. The rapid growth of their production and the European Union’s policy, which aims to increase the share of energy from renewable sources, cause concerns of many experts regarding the threats related to the production of biofuels, both for the environment and food security. In particular, efforts are made to minimize the amount of waste and residues by implementing the idea of a circular economy. This approach promotes the development of new technologies that are more environmentally friendly. Due to the regulations set out in the RED and RED II Directives, there is a chance that the biofuels will have a less negative impact on the environment. This results from the obligation to certify compliance with the sustainability criteria, which is carried out by voluntary systems recognized by the European Commission, such as the KZR INiG System.

scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN CHINA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Krause ◽  
◽  
Nadiya Golda ◽  
Iryna Pinyak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Car Market

The engineering industry, including the automotive industry, belongs to the strategic branches of the country’s economy and to a large extent determines the level of development. The Chinese automobile industry dates back to 1953, and the first automobile factory, the First Automobile Works (FAW), was started in Beijing. Over the next few years, several more car factories were established in Nanjing, Khanhai, Jinan and Beijing. The requirements of funds, technologies and automotive modernization stimulated the attraction of external investment. A number of restrictive measures have been adopted to curb external competition, reduce car imports and attract innovative technologies, including high tariff and non-tariff barriers, screening, and restrictions on foreign capital, Limiting market share to foreign companies. When signing the joint-venture agreement, the Chinese side insisted on technology transfer and subordination to the Chinese leadership. Volkswagen first built a car factory in China. Today almost every progressive car company is represented in the Chinese car market, such as Mercedes-Bens, Ford, General Motors, Suzuki, Daihatsu, Honda, Subaru, Citreon, Toyota. Most of them have partnerships with one of China’s top three car manufacturers. American, European, and Japanese automakers see China as a promising market as demand for vehicles in the US and Europe shrinks. To the Chinese automobile market, the cars are made according to the requirements of the local consumer – conservative, with high-quality design, low and middle price segment. Since 2009, foreign automobile companies have accounted for 85% of the Chinese car market. About 60% of the cars sold in China are locally produced. However, China’s automobile industry is highly fragmented and mostly consists of small companies that produce a small range of components. Such production is labour-intensive with relatively low use of advanced technologies compared to car manufacturers in developed countries, often lacking economies of scale. Research expenditure accounts for a large part of the expenditure structure. Most companies produce low-tech parts with significant import presence.

2001 Manufacturing Odyssey: Impact of Globalization on Technology Requirements

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shounak Athavale ◽  
Matt Davies ◽  
Miro Suga ◽  
James Williams ◽  
Kesh Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract A report of the ASME Global Technologies Committee in 1999 stressed the need to inform government agencies about the importance of the activities of mechanical engineers. In particular, while government agencies and the public in general seem to understand the romantic idea of concept generation (inventors and scientists), they do not comprehend the efforts that go into realization of an idea into a usable product (engineering and manufacturing) and the benefits of this activity to the global society. In fact the product realization process makes the cutting edge products affordable and available to every strata of the society. In spite of current success, engineering and manufacturing functions are continuously challenged by the changing demands and business environment. Specifically, opening of world markets and industrial globalization require that manufacturing functions are not only flawless and efficient, but also be compatible with the global business environment. The goal of this panel is to showcase past contributions to the field of manufacturing and build a case for continued support of future manufacturing research and education. The panelist will begin the discussion by addressing five topics/questions. Comments and question from the audience are encouraged. The five topics/questions of focus for this panel discussion are 1. Innovative products of last century like cars, planes, computers, etc. remain accessible to masses only due to the revolutionary manufacturing technology at the time. Which of the past manufacturing technologies will you attribute this tremendous success to? Are any of these technologies obsolete or are on the verge of extinction? 2. During past few years most of the world has opened up to international trade and business. Global marketplace is not just a dream; it is a reality and is here to stay. Besides, the business drivers and associated economic advantages, supporting engineering and manufacturing technologies have played a vital role in keeping the global business afloat. In your opinion what key technology drivers (including any manufacturing technologies) are behind this success? Do any of the technical issues need immediate attention? 3. During the 20th century we have witnessed tremendous growth in manufacturing technology. Traditional research and development focused on getting the product out i.e. development of manufacturing and assembly processes and their optimization. The next big thing was to get the product out in an efficient and cost-effective manner. It fueled research in material flow and inventory management, resulting in techniques like JIT, Kanban, supply-chain management, etc. More recently eManufacturing initiatives (B2B, B2C, B2E, etc.) have made a tremendous impact in seamless integration of business operations (suppliers-purchasing-engineering-manufacturing-marketing-service), resulting in productivity gains. What’s next? 4. As resources are geographically distributed and scarce; consolidation, collaboration and leveraging often become key issues in a global industry. Research and Development may not be any different. In your opinion, are the days for “lone researchers/developers” over? If yes, how do you envision future R&D activities to function? If no, how to incorporate individual R&D efforts? 5. Commercial success of technical breakthroughs depends on the workforce that can implement the new technology and consumers who can utilize it. Often the term “technology overload” is used when either of these groups fails to comprehend the new technology. To avoid this trap, it is necessary for future manufacturing leaders and innovators to have a unique skill set. What kind of educational training and experience will be required of future manufacturing engineers/researchers?

Capital Budgeting and Public Investment Projects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Olha Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

This chapter discusses the budget process for public capital investments in Ukraine, presents controversies in the current process, and offers several avenues for improvement. In doing so, the author provides a description of the country's normative capital public budgeting framework, presents the institutional setup, and tracks Ukraine's public capital expenditure trends for nearly three decades (1991-2016). The study then discusses implementation, audit, and performance issues in Ukraine's public capital expenditure management and provides recommendations. Because of the country's limited fiscal capacity as compared to its massive infrastructure needs, the author posits that Ukraine can no longer afford to delay or ignore its most pressing public capital investment needs. Because the current list of capital investment proposals is underfunded and too long, the author suggests that the government focuses on finishing strategic, high-priority public projects, while other capital spending proposals target private sector financing once it becomes more readily available.

An artificial-intelligence-based method for assessing service quality: insights from the prosthodontics sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Martins ◽  
Fernando A.F. Ferreira ◽  
João J. M. Ferreira ◽  
Carla S.E. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Dental Prosthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeThe prosthodontics sector is facing major challenges because of scientific and technological advances that imply a clearer definition of lines of action and decision making processes. Measuring quality of service in this sector is a complex decision problem since the perceptions of three main players need to be considered: patients, dentists and dental technicians. This study sought to develop an artificial-intelligence-based (AI-based) method for assessing service quality in the dental prosthesis sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing strategic options development and analysis (SODA), which is grounded on cognitive mapping, and the measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH), a constructivist decision support system was designed to facilitate the assessment of service quality in the dental prosthesis sector. The system was tested, and the results were validated both by the members of an expert panel and by the vice-president of the Portuguese association of dental prosthesis technicians.FindingsThe methodological process developed in this study is extremely versatile and its practical application facilitated the development of an empirically robust evaluation model in this study context. Specifically, the profile analyses carried out in actual clinics allowed the cases in which improvements are needed to be identified.Originality/valueAlthough already applied in the fields of AI and decision making, no prior work reporting the use of SODA and MACBETH for assessing service quality in the prosthodontics sector has been found.

Cases and Interviews

2011 ◽  
pp. 222-276
Author(s):  
John DiMarco
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Electronic Portfolio ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
The Web

As I examined hundreds of Web sites promising electronic or Web portfolio data for this text, and performed observations and interviews with dozens of students and colleagues, I discovered some exemplary cases of Web portfolio usage. The Web portfolio phenomena and the rise in electronic portfolio development within all disciplines have prompted academic institutions to develop Web portfolio programs and to push these programs towards faculty and students. My general observations are that the institutions that make serious efforts to develop and manage a sound electronic portfolio program are getting good results. Right now, it is not conceivable for an institution to be able to have 100 percent of their student and faculty populations to have Web portfolios. At Penn State University, in the Dutton E-Education Institute, they are trying by providing 500 MB of Web portfolio space to all undergraduate students while enrolled. The institute recently reported in December 2004 that one in three undergraduate students activate their Web portfolio and use it for academic reflection and professional purposes. The Dutton Institute and Penn State’s e-portfolio initiative are highlighted further in this chapter. During interviews with students and faculty members who have created Web portfolios, I discovered some interesting themes that included fear of copyright infringement, technical worries, and lack of process knowledge. These themes encompass problems and positive events that shaped each Web portfolio authors experiences and these are also discussed later in the chapter. Also in this chapter, a Web-based e-portfolio program proposal sample is included to give you a head start on creating a proposal for your institution or program. The sample is based on criteria for new technology proposals distributed by an academic vice president at a four-year university. It is not meant to be a one-size-fits-all proposal. It is meant to give structure to developing an initial program concept. Proposal adaptation based on discipline, industry, and curriculum would certainly be needed. Finally, electronic portfolios are widely seen in the discipline of education. This chapter provides observations of teacher Web portfolios which include all levels of educators from elementary through higher education. These cases seem to have exemplary qualities that fit the teacher Web portfolio and can be transcended into the creation of Web portfolios in any discipline. The goal of examining these cases is to identify important components in the Web portfolios of teachers that represent evidence of professional development, project and skill sets, and persuasion. These teacher Web portfolio cases are effective models for use in any discipline.

scholarly journals The Role of Internet of Things on the Development of Ports as a Holder in the Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Mladen Jardas ◽  
Čedomir Dundović ◽  
Marko Gulić ◽  
Katarina Ivanić
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Weak Links

The new technology greatly affects the way of production, consumption, communication, service delivery and ultimately on the entire supply chain. All stakeholders in the business process must invest in new knowledge and develop new business models to adapt to the changing business environment. Connecting devices over internet (Internet of things) and stakeholders’ synergy open up opportunities for new market achievements as well as for the improvement of business processes both in the supply chain and in ports. The development of information technologies has an impact on the reduction of errors, costs, time of information transfer and transport, inventory reduction and thus on better customization. There should be no weak links in the supply chain, which is especially related to the port and port processes that are the basis of the supply chain network. The port is the core of all activities of the supply chain and is also a place where supply and demand meet.

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