Mathematical Models for Asymmetric Warfare

Differential equations developed by William Lanchester for combat models are still used by military theorists in traditional and asymmetric wars. The paper focuses on the asymmetric situation encountered in narrow exits on the battlefield, where it is impossible to concentrate the entire firepower. Based on the application of the Lancaster Equation, it is determined that in order to achieve parity, it is necessary to destroy targets by sequentially massaging fire. The mathematical model proposed for the destruction of forces by divisions even allows to determine how to divide the opposing forces into the optimal number for each battle. Based on the research, the influence of the time factor on the element of surprise is determined and a mathematical model is developed, which can determine the effective period of fighting the opponent.

The New Wars: Terrorism and “Asymmetric” Warfare

The term “new wars” is often used to describe how terrorist groups achieve objectives in addition to the “classic” means of intervention by states. Terrorist organizations use asymmetric methods of warfare to target the weaknesses of Western states. Consequently, conventional wars have also changed into hybrid wars. The legal status of terrorist organizations is a major problem for the rule of law. In responding to terrorist attacks, the distinction between crime and terrorism is difficult. The “war on terror” is governed by different rules and principles and is extremely difficult to wage. Conflicts last a long time and victory against terrorism is rarely possible due to the networked structure of terrorist organizations and the way they intermingle with the population. In addition to an alliance-wide approach, there is a national solution to answer these new threats in form of the comprehensive national defense in Austria.

From “Shock and Awe” to Asymmetric Warfare in Modern Military Warfare

This study aims to present the strategies from “Shock and Awe” to asymmetric warfare in modern military warfare. The main points in the article are: Introduction: The lessons of a war - The Yom Kippur War; In the years before the Yom Kippur War; After the Yom Kippur War, the American military understood that it had to focus on mobile and rapid warfare against regular armies, an issue that had been neglected over the past decade; The “Shock and Awe” battle strategy. In conclusion: a very important element for coping with asymmetric warfare is the psychological strength of the civilian population. As stated, one of the ways of warfare of the weak side against the strong side is the marking the psychological sensitivity of the civilian population of the strong side as a target. A psychological attack on the civilian population can manifest itself in the launching of missiles at it, the control of its information, the multiplicity of casualties of its soldiers and the sowing of a sense of frustration in it due to prolonged confrontation.

The Terror Campaign of Boko Haram: Its Transformation and Challenges to Nigeria’s Security

This paper is geared toward analyzing the patterns and dynamics of the Boko Haram attacks and the challenges they caused to the country's security. The report uses the assumptions of the instrumental approach, which states that the purpose of terrorism is to bring about insecurity in an actor's environment. The pattern of terrorism follows an action-reaction process. Thereby it responds to what Government does. It also utilizes the data collected from secondary sources and qualitatively analyses it. The paper discovered that Boko Haram, a proscribed international terrorist organization, is continuously posing serious security challenges to Nigeria that have resulted in the loss of over 30.000 lives and the destruction of public and private properties worth billions of US dollars. The group has committed itself to asymmetric warfare. Since its re-emergence, it had tried to mimic and adopt the tactics and strategies of global Salafist movements, which manifested in armed assaults, bombings, and abductions. The paper recommended that a comprehensive approach be adopted that would take care of both kinetic and non-kinetic measures to end the menace of terrorism in Nigeria. Training and retraining of security personnel on asymmetric warfare are required to balance the increasing adaptability of the terrorists.

EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN: NEXT VICTIM OF TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN A GLOBALIZED ENVIRONMENT

Globalization has affected the education sector of Pakistan differently because of its peculiar and diversed security challenges. An extremely cunning hostile enemy on east who always stages all kind of clandestine operations against Pakistan. On the western border, Afghanistan has always remained a source of instability for Pakistan. US policy failures in Afghanistan and do more demand by Trump administration from Pakistan without acknowledging its sacrifices are a matter of concern. To retain their national interests transition-co forces are using fifth generation asymmetric warfare in this region. Almost all the segments of our society got affected by worst kind of terrorism and extremism in last fifteen years and the current target is our youth and educational institutes. According to the recent National Human Development Report published in May 2018, Pakistan has the largest percentage of youth ever recorded in its history. 64 percent of the total population is below the age of 30 while 29 percent is between the ages of 15 and 29 years. This youth buldge has critical implications for Pakistan because if not groomed and directed in right direction, will create internal implosion. Our enemy precisely identified our centers of gravity and attacking it with numerous means. Be it the Safora Ghot Karachi massacre of forty three innocent unarmed people by Saad Aziz - an Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi graduate or the inhuman killing of human rights activist Sabeen Mahmood by the same man; the IS-indoctrinated and affiliated medical student Noreen Leghari’s case or the recent failed attempt on the MQM leader Khawaja Izharul Hassan by a Karachi University graduate, the incessant reality for Pakistani anti-terrorism strategists is that the extremists and terrorists have succeeded in infiltrating modern education institutions and the youth is being indoctrinated with the toxic ideology of the terrorists. With the defeat of the IS in Syria and Iraq the influx of militants to Pakistan could continue that could further complicate the situation.