The Socratic Method and Opportunities for Its Application by Middle School Counselors to Increase Awareness About Bullying

The Socratic method is one of many methods used in counseling guidance services. The simple Socratic method can be applied by counselors to reduce bullying. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high school counselors in Yogyakarta Province recognize the Socratic method and whether there is an opportunity for this method to be applied to increase the awareness of students about bullying. A qualitative research approach was used, with a focus on phenomenology. The data were collected using an open questionnaire. The subjects consisted of 19 counselors from 15 secondary schools in the Yogyakarta Province who were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out based on the guidance of Narbuko and Achmadi; this process consisted of three steps, namely editing, coding, and tabulation. The results showed that there was a substantial opportunity for the Socratic method to be applied by secondary school counselors in Yogyakarta Province to increase students’ awareness about bullying. This was evidenced by: 1) bullying continued to occur among middle school students, even though the counselors had used various methods and services to discuss bullying; 2) only a small number of school counselors had received information about the Socratic method, but the procedure for implementing the Socratic method was considered simple; and 3) all counselors stated that guidance on implementing the Socratic method was necessary and were enthusiastic about applying the Socratic method in an effort to increase students’ awareness about bullying Keywords: Socratic method, opportunity, anti-bullying awareness

Psychometric Properties of the Sources of Counseling Self Efficacy in a Sample of Malaysian Secondary School Counselors

Self-efficacy has been considered an essential mediator and predictor of individual counseling performance. As there is no existing scale to measure counseling self-efficacy in the counseling domain, the Sources of Middle School Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale was modified in this study. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Sources of Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale, Malaysia (SCSE-M) in a sample of 541 Malaysian secondary school counselors. In addition, it aims to also examine the invariance between registered and non-registered counselors. The results reveal that the SCSE-M four-factor model (social persuasion, mastery experience, vicarious learning, and physiological and affective state) has good fit and is appropriate in the domain-specific counseling profession. In terms of validity and reliability, SCSE-M reported good internal consistency and support for configural, metric, and scalar invariance among registered and non-registered counselors. The generalizability of the results should be considered as tentative and limited to public secondary schools’ counselors who were the sample in this study. More research is needed in the other private, international, primary, and tertiary counseling sectors to determine the appropriateness of the SCSE-M for use in the counseling domain in Malaysia.

Secondary School Counselors’ Perceptions of Service-Learning: Gaps between State Policy, Counselors’ Knowledge, and Implementation

The purpose of this study was a state-level investigation of school counselors’ knowledge of their role in the implementation of service-learning policy using survey research methods. The respondents reported having little knowledge of the policy, not having implemented it statewide, and not having been trained in service-learning pedagogy. Based on these results, this article provides implications for consideration when states develop educational policies that impact school counselors’ work.

Comprehensive School Guidance Programs in Nebraska

Archival data from an in-state survey of 428 elementary and secondary school counselors completed by the Nebraska Department of Education regarding comprehensive guidance programs was reviewed for relevant information. This information is discussed relative to the current views and knowledge regarding the state of comprehensive developmental guidance and their implications for school counselors and administrators.

La orientación en Educación Secundaria: una perspectiva cualitativa desde los orientadores

RESUMENEste trabajo desarrolla un análisis cualitativo de la orientación educativa desde la perspectiva de los orientadores de Educación Secundaria. La metodología usada ha sido la entrevista en profundidad. Como resultado hallamos un sistema de categorías que nos describe la orientación desde sus inquietudes, preocupaciones y vivencias como profesionales de la orientación.ABSTRACTThis work develops a qualitative analysis of counseling from the perspective of the secondary school counselors. The used methodology has been the interview in depth. As result we found a system of categories that describes the counseling from its restlessness, preoccupations and experiences to us like professionals of counseling.