THE GENERAL OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY A STATISTICAL AND NETWORK ANALYSIS

In this paper, we investigate the ownership structure of the 3143 EU28 aerospace companies in 2019, and extend the analysis to the 2428 neighbor partners outside EU28 and/or aerospace. Different from the previous studies, we consider all equity capital flows regardless of their size, and their monetary value instead of the corresponding ownership share. We further innovate by applying new methods to measure degree of influence power and hierarchical structure. The resulting picture shows that between the pure EU28 aerospace companies: (i) ownership relationships concern only relatively few companies (10%), which trigger horizontal and vertical structures; (ii) density is extremely low; (iii) relationships are fully hierarchical with no cross-ownership; (iv) capital is seldom transferred across business groups; (v) most of the main topological parameters have a typically polarized scale-free structure. When including also the ownership neighbors, some of those traits change substantially: (i) the share of connected companies substantially grows up to 63%; (ii) size and length of the largest pyramidal structures will grow remarkably, reaching a top of 874 companies; (iii) the industry becomes a full small-world structure, thus allowing huge capital transfer across business groups. Finally, a dramatic financialization, meant as a pivotal and quantitatively heavy role of financial operators, emerges also as a clear characteristic of the extended network.

A design for manufacturing methodology using defects knowledge for aerospace product manufacturing

Defects generated by the UK supply chain is much higher than its global competitors. Defects impact costs and production throughput due to unpredictable disruptions resulting in many non-value adding activities. However, defects data associated knowledge have rarely been considered and implemented as the manufacturing capability in existing design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) data/knowledge bases. On the other hand, current ICT systems used in the aerospace industry are not flexible enough to keep up with the new requirements of collaborating to manage knowledge properly, and the use of real-time manufacturing data generated in manufacturing activities. This research was carried out in collaboration with one of the UK’s largest aerospace companies in order to analyse the complexity of design and manufacturing activities of high-value safety-critical aerospace products. The results of the work are presented, and a novel approach and system was developed, that can be used to support DFMA using defects knowledge. The approach was implemented as a knowledge management system using collaborative design principles. Key findings from the main contribution in the context of extended enterprises of high value low volume safety critical product manufacturing are discussed.

A Design for Qualification Framework for the Development of Additive Manufacturing Components—A Case Study from the Space Industry

Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides several benefits for aerospace companies in terms of efficient and innovative product development. However, due to the general lack of AM process understanding, engineers face many uncertainties related to product qualification during the design of AM components. The aim of this paper is to further the understanding of how to cope with the need to develop process understanding, while at the same time designing products that can be qualified. A qualitative action research study has been performed, using the development of an AM rocket engine turbine demonstrator as a case study. The results show that the qualification approach should be developed for the specific application, dependent on the AM knowledge within the organization. AM knowledge is not only linked to the AM process but to the complete AM process chain. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the manufacturing chain during design and to develop necessary knowledge concurrently with the product in order to define suitable requirements. The paper proposes a Design for Qualification framework, supported by six design tactics. The framework encourages proactive consideration for qualification and the capabilities of the AM process chain, as well as the continuous development of AM knowledge during product development.

Public Impact of Planetary Science

The public impact of planetary science, or, alternatively, the public value of planetary science, is poorly understood, as little research has been published on the subject. Public impact may be linked to scientific impact, but it is not the same as public impact. Nor is it the same as public benefit or public understanding. No clear, agreed-upon definition of “public impact” exists, and certainly no definition of “the public impact of planetary science” exists. It is a matter of judgment as to whether global spending on planetary science has yielded positive public impacts, let alone impacts that are worth the investment. More research on the public impact of planetary science is needed. However, the study of public impact is a social scientific enterprise, and space agencies, space research institutes, and aerospace companies historically have invested very little in social scientific research. Without further study of the subject, the public impact of planetary science will remain poorly understood.

Clustering for Innovative Business Model Design for Products and Services

Acceleration of technology evolution, customers' requests of agility in operations and rapid product development requires the supply chains to become more active and connected to attend clients and new markets. The chapter content is structured on three business use cases. The first section is related to the aerospace industry. The purpose is to identify the influence of quality and quantity of the supplier base in the innovation activities of aerospace companies participating in a cluster. Authors applied a framework based on factor analysis and multivariate linear regression to measure the impact of the quality and quantity of a set of suppliers. The second section is related to operation of Micro Finance institutions (MFIs). Authors design and propose a full-featured optimization framework based on a mixed integer programming model. They discuss the impact of the risk balancing and merits of the proposed model.

Analisis Postur Kerja Operator Mesin Bubut di PT. X

PT. X is one of the aerospace companies in Asia that has core competencies in the design and development of airplanes. The manufacture of aircraft certainly requires aircraft aids made by Machining tools. In this section there are many machine operators, of course, require interaction between humans and machines. However, there are some operators that still use conventional lathes. The research is analyzing the work posture of conventional lathe operators using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method. The initial observation was to disseminate the Nordic Body Map questionnaire to 2 lathe operators with the same task, to find out complaints that occurred during or finished working. The results of calculations using the Ergo Fellow software and manual calculations produce the same score. Assessment of work posture on the lathe operator PT. Indonesian Aerospace obtained a RULA score of 6, Action Level 3, indicating that it has a moderate level of risk and action is needed in the near future.