Políticas Públicas de Servicios Sociales: configuración de la ayuda a domicilio en el marco autonómico y nacional

Laburpena: Gizarte honetan, biztanleria gero eta zaharragoa da, eta bizi-itxaropena gora egiten ari da; beraz, botere publikoek esku hartu behar dute, eta kolektibo zaurgarrienei laguntzeko gizarte-zerbitzu hurbilen eskaintza egokia eskaini. Besteak beste, etxez etxeko laguntza-zerbitzua da eskari handienetakoa duten zerbitzuetako bat, berekin datozen ezaugarriak erakargarriak direlako (zerbitzu publikoa da, etxekoa, prebentziozkoa, teknikoa eta errehabilitatzailea, eta herritarrengandik hurbil dago). Alabaina, autonomia-erkidegoaren beraren eskumenak garatzeko esparru legitimoan, lurralde batzuetatik besteetara aldeak daude laguntza-eremuan zerbitzua emateko orduan. Hala, desberdintasunak daude intentsitatean nahiz zerbitzuetan beraietan, sartzeko bidea Mendekotasunari buruzko Legetik kanpo dagoenean eta, autonomia-erkidegoen eskumen esklusibo gisa, sarbide hori toki-erakundeen mende geratzen denean. Resumen: En una sociedad marcada por el envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de la esperanza de vida es precisa la mayor intervención de los poderes públicos mediante una adecuada oferta de servicios sociales de proximidad que presten apoyo a los colectivos más vulnerables. Entre varios, el servicio de ayuda a domicilio se erige como uno de los más demandados por el atractivo de las propias características que le acompañan —servicio público, de carácter domiciliario, preventivo, técnico y rehabilitador, y cercano al ciudadano—. Sin embargo, en el marco legítimo del desarrollo competencial propio autonómico subyacen diferencias territoriales en la prestación de un servicio que, a su vez, tiene un doble anclaje en el ámbito asistencial, marcando diferencias de intensidad y servicios cuando su vía de acceso queda se encuentra al margen de la Ley de Dependencia y como competencia exclusiva de las Comunidades Autónomas queda en última instancia a merced de las Entidades Locales. Abstract: In a society characterized by population ageing and the increase in life expectancy, there is a need for greater intervention by the public institutions, providing local social services in order to support the more vulnerable. Among others, homecare is recognized as one of those in greatest demand due to its attractive characteristics, standing out for its public nature, as well as for being a home-based, preventive and technical service close to the citizen. However, in the Spanish autonomous framework and in the legitimate exercising of exclusive powers, there are underlying territorial differences in the provision of a service with its own duality relative to the healthcare field. Furthermore, there are profound differences in intensity and services when its access route is not contemplated by the Dependency Law, and, as an exclusive power reserved to the autonomous communities, it remains, as a last resort, at the mercy of local entities.

Commentary on the Emerging Energy Blockchain Technology

This article promotes the emerging technology application of the energy blockchain (EBC) innovation and the published energy source (PES). The prosumer, for the most part, expends energy of its own and utilizes an incorporated energy framework that occasionally produces energy for other customers. A complimentary multi-energy sources can improve various quality and increase the merit of the application of renewable energies. For example, an underlining case for the ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is investigated. Firstly, the restriction on a traditional OTEC is ordinarily at about 3% that can be overcome with an improved efficiency which is at 6% to 12% as shown in this study. Second, the contextual investigation should shed light on the demonstration and system produced for EBC. Third, a precise investigation uses the EBC input parameters as follows: OTEC multi-energy complementarity, energy storage/ power parameter, and the smart grid power. A complimentary multi-energy sources can improve various quality, increase the merit of the application of renewable energies. The author constructs a mathematical model to study the maximal available benefit for a prosumer. This model connects the electric load to the external grid power through a gate-control that has a smart meter inside the prosumer’s EBC framework. All the above parameters usually depend on time variables. Finally, this study is to present EBC properties in the view of a PES value dependency law. Output and its optimization is to resolve the dependency law upon input parameters referenced at above. The optimum solution increases the benefit for the prosumer.

Views on the Effects of the Spanish Dependency Law on Caregivers’ Quality of Life Using Concept Mapping

In 2006 the Spanish Dependency Law established new rights for people in situation of dependency. The impact of the Law could have also affected the quality of life of their carers. This study aims to understand how the Law may have influenced caregivers’ quality of life through their own perceptions and those of Primary Health Care professionals, and to compare both perspectives. The study used Concept Mapping, a mixed methods technique. In total, 16 caregivers and 21 professionals participated. Both groups identified a mix of positive and negative effects. Uncertainties and delays in granting benefits were reported. However, several advantages were identified, such as the possibility of sharing the burden of care, thus reducing its physical, mental and social consequences, while at the same time being able to maintain responsibility. Most of the mechanisms identified were common to both caregivers and professionals; the most notable differences were that the latter attached more importance to economic support and less to the negative effects of implementation of the Law. This study reveals positive effects of the Law on caregivers’ quality of life and the potential for improvement of some negative aspects in its implementation related with the context of austerity.