The Expression and Research of Folk Culture in Book Binding Design

Nowadays, with the rapid development of China, Folk culture turned to be ignored due the openness and progressive. Folk culture needs to be inherited as well as developed. So, we need to pay more attention to folk culture. Meanwhile, book binding design is inseparable from culture. This dissertation studies how to design books better and how to publicize Gannan Hakka culture which belongs to Folk culture better through books. This article revolves around Gannan Hakka culture under the folk culture, to get in further logically and discover the method of how to design the book which could be able to represent the feature of Gannan Hakka Cultuer hierarchically. Firstly, this dissertation introduces the present situation of book binding design and the importance of folk culture to the design of book binding. Secondly, we can take some examples about the behavior to the book binding design in folk culture from three elements in visual communication design graphic, text and color. And then drawing a conclusion with the design principles and performance techniques in the design of the book binding, besides illustrating the specific performance of Gannan Hakka by diet, customs, clothing, architecture. Finally, I finish the "Gannan Hakka culture," this book is the final research results of my book binding design used in Gannan Hakka culture.

The Violin in Music Therapy: How do I use the violin in music therapy with people who have intellectual disabilities or neurological conditions?

<p>In this research I explored my use of the violin in music therapy with people who have intellectual disability and neurological conditions. I am interested in this topic because the violin is my primary instrument and I wanted to learn more about its therapeutic potential. My research methodology was Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data, and the data were my clinical notes and research journal. Findings were generated through thematic analysis of the data. Five themes emerged. Specifically, I found that the violin’s voice-like timbre was helpful in fostering connections and encouraging emotional and communicative expression. Similarly, the ability to physically share the instrument, and to play it while mobile, also fostered connections between me and my participants. Because of my expertise on the violin I was able to utilize a vast variety of performance techniques both with familiar music and within improvisations that elicited meaningful musical moments. My relationship with the violin has developed and changed throughout this process and the violin has become a part of my identity as a music therapist. I anticipate that findings will interest other music therapists, and perhaps encourage them to use alternative instruments within their practice.</p>

The Violin in Music Therapy: How do I use the violin in music therapy with people who have intellectual disabilities or neurological conditions?

<p>In this research I explored my use of the violin in music therapy with people who have intellectual disability and neurological conditions. I am interested in this topic because the violin is my primary instrument and I wanted to learn more about its therapeutic potential. My research methodology was Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data, and the data were my clinical notes and research journal. Findings were generated through thematic analysis of the data. Five themes emerged. Specifically, I found that the violin’s voice-like timbre was helpful in fostering connections and encouraging emotional and communicative expression. Similarly, the ability to physically share the instrument, and to play it while mobile, also fostered connections between me and my participants. Because of my expertise on the violin I was able to utilize a vast variety of performance techniques both with familiar music and within improvisations that elicited meaningful musical moments. My relationship with the violin has developed and changed throughout this process and the violin has become a part of my identity as a music therapist. I anticipate that findings will interest other music therapists, and perhaps encourage them to use alternative instruments within their practice.</p>

About Russian Old-timers' Performing Style in the Northern Regions of the Udmurt Republic

Статья посвящена исследованию некоторых аспектов исполнительского стиля русских старожилов северных районов Удмуртской Республики на примере песенных жанров, включенных в календарную обрядность (песни святочных гаданий «Илею», колядки, хороводные, лирические песни). Экспедиционные материалы показывают, что темброво-тесситурные особенности и исполнительские приемы приобретают значение типичных элементов песенного стиля исследуемого ареала, свидетельствуя о единстве музыкального фольклора русских старожилов наряду с самобытными чертами местных локальных традиций. В статье указываются способы фиксации фольклорно-этнографического материала в экспедиционных условиях, которые дают возможность воссоздать фольклорные записи, представить звучащие песни включенными в определенный контекст, с учетом особенностей их функционирования; раскрываются сведения о том, кем, когда, в каком пространстве и как исполнялись колядки, песни святочных гаданий «Илею», хороводные и лирические песни. Эти сведения позволяют сделать вывод о некогда активном бытовании перечисленных жанров, об их значимости в местной традиции. Певческие приемы («петь на ростяг», «скольжения-переходы», взятия и сбросы дыхания), темброво-тесситурные, динамические особенности песенных форм, точные высказывания носителей традиции о звучании различных жанров музыкального фольклора углубляют знания об исследуемой культуре, позволяют воссоздать ее своеобразный звуковой облик, а также выявить музыкально-выразительные средства, характерные и для других песенных традиций. Article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the performing style of Russian old-timers in the Northern regions of the Udmurt Republic on the example of genres included in the calendar rites (songs of YuLe divination “ILeyu,” Christmas carols, round dance and Lyrical songs). The expedition materials show that timbre and tessitura indicators and performance techniques are becoming typicaL elements of the performing styLe in the studied areas. They point to the unity of the Russian old-timers musical folklore along with the original features of LocaL traditions. The articLe reveaLs the ways to record foLkLore and ethnographic materiaL in expeditions. It aLLows us to recreate foLkLore texts, imagine sounding songs incLuded in a certain context, taking into account the pecuLiarities of their functioning. This work provides detaiLed answers to the questions of who was performing the caroLs, songs of YuLe divination “Ileyu,” round dance and LyricaL songs, testifying to the once active existence of the Listed genres, their importance in the Local tradition. Singing techniques (singing “narostyag” (“stretching” signing), sLiding transitions, taking and resetting breath), timbre and tessitura, as weLL as dynamic features of song forms, accurate expressions of the bearers of tradition about the sounding of various genres of musical folklore deepen knowLedge about the cuLture under study, aLLow us to recreate its originaL sound appearance and identify musical and expressive means characteristic of other song traditions.

Verbal-textual polyphonic technique in the Ukrainian choral music (on the example of music on Taras Shevchenko’s poetry)

Relevance of the study. In the 20th–21st centuries, searches in the field of sonoristics led to an unconventional interpretation of the sound of musical instruments and the human voice. As a result, contemporary composers are actively experimenting with vocal performance techniques. The timbresonorous quality of speech contributes to the emergence of new polyphonic techniques. The use of verbal-textual polyphonic techniques in the music of modern Ukrainian composers is becoming more and more widespread. This explains the relevance of this study. The scientific basis of the article is the insufficiently studied concept of verbal-textual polyphony by I. B. Pyaskovsky. Main objective of the study. The objective of this study is to examine the existing manifestations of verbal-textual polyphonic technique in Ukrainian choral music a cappella on the example of works based on the texts of the poetic cycle “Psalms of David” by T. Shevchenko. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the work is the first to consider verbal-textual polyphonic techniques in the works of Ukrainian composers on the texts of “Psalms of David” by T. Shevchenko. Methodology. The following methods of research are used: versioning (analysis of the versification features of the original poetic source), semantic (interpretation of the semantic content of the musical expressiveness means, their correlation with the text), typological (based on classification of the varieties of the studied technique). Results and conclusions. The main feature of verbal textual polyphony is the phonic interpretation of speech. This type of polyphonic technique is manifested in the work with text phonemes and syntagmas, which, as a rule, have intonation-rhythmic design. The prerequisites for this type of polyphony in musical works based on the texts of T. Shevchenko are the musicality of his poetry, as well as a specific rhythmic organization — the so-called 14-syllabic kolomijka verse. All examples of this writing technique can be divided into two groups, depending on the compositional work at the phonemic or syntagmatic levels. Phonemic compositional work is carried out by segmentation, vocal accentuation and temporal extension of the sound of the syllable. Work at the syntagmatic level is embodied using the following techniques: simultaneous multi-rhythmic presentation of the same text, text imitation, ostinato, polyphonic techniques of vocal intonation on a verbal and extra-musical basis. The analysis carried out indicates that the polyphonic technique in the studied works of Ukrainian composers is formed taking into account the versification features of the Shevchenko's poetry. The results of these observations can be used in the study of the manifestations of verbal textual polyphony in vocal-choral works on a different text basis

The constraints, aesthetic implications, and creative strategies of composing for networked music performance

<p>Performing music together over a public network while being located at a distance from each other necessarily means performing under a particular set of technical and performative constraints. These constraints are antithetical to—and make cumbersome—the performance of tightly synchronised music, which traditionally depends on the conditions of transmission stability, ultra-low latency, and shared presence. These conditions are experienced optimally only when musicians perform at the same time and in the same place. Except for specialized private network services, public networks are inherently latent and unstable, which disrupts musicians’ ability to achieve precise vertical synchronisation and create an environment where approaches to music performance and composition must be reconsidered. It is widely considered that these conditions mean that networked music performance is a future genre for when network latencies and throughput improve, or one that is currently reserved for high-end heavily optimised networks afforded by institutions and not individuals, or one that is primarily reserved for improvisatory or aleatoric composition and performance techniques. I disagree that networked music is dependent on access to advanced Internet technologies and suggest that music compositions for networked music performance can be highly successful over regular broadband conditions when the composer considers the limitations as opportunities for new creative strategies and aesthetic approaches. In this exegesis, I outline the constraints that prove that while networked music performance is latent, asynchronous, multi-located, multi-authorial, and hopelessly, intrinsically, and passionately digitally mediated, these constraints provide rich creative opportunities for the composition and performance of synchronised and resonant music. I introduce four aesthetic approaches, which I determine as being critical towards the development of networked music: 1) postvertical harmony, where the asynchronous arrival of signals ruptures the harmonic experience; 2) new timbral fusions created through multi-located resonant sources; 3) a contribution to performative relationships through the generation and transmission of vital information in the musical score and through the development of new technologies for facilitating performer synchronisation; and 4) the post-digital experience, where all digital means of manipulation are permitted and embraced, leading to new ways of listening to and forming reproduced realities. Each of these four aesthetic approaches are considered individually in relation to the core constraints, through discussion of the present-day technical conditions, and how each of these approaches are applied to my musical portfolio through practical illustration.</p>

The constraints, aesthetic implications, and creative strategies of composing for networked music performance

<p>Performing music together over a public network while being located at a distance from each other necessarily means performing under a particular set of technical and performative constraints. These constraints are antithetical to—and make cumbersome—the performance of tightly synchronised music, which traditionally depends on the conditions of transmission stability, ultra-low latency, and shared presence. These conditions are experienced optimally only when musicians perform at the same time and in the same place. Except for specialized private network services, public networks are inherently latent and unstable, which disrupts musicians’ ability to achieve precise vertical synchronisation and create an environment where approaches to music performance and composition must be reconsidered. It is widely considered that these conditions mean that networked music performance is a future genre for when network latencies and throughput improve, or one that is currently reserved for high-end heavily optimised networks afforded by institutions and not individuals, or one that is primarily reserved for improvisatory or aleatoric composition and performance techniques. I disagree that networked music is dependent on access to advanced Internet technologies and suggest that music compositions for networked music performance can be highly successful over regular broadband conditions when the composer considers the limitations as opportunities for new creative strategies and aesthetic approaches. In this exegesis, I outline the constraints that prove that while networked music performance is latent, asynchronous, multi-located, multi-authorial, and hopelessly, intrinsically, and passionately digitally mediated, these constraints provide rich creative opportunities for the composition and performance of synchronised and resonant music. I introduce four aesthetic approaches, which I determine as being critical towards the development of networked music: 1) postvertical harmony, where the asynchronous arrival of signals ruptures the harmonic experience; 2) new timbral fusions created through multi-located resonant sources; 3) a contribution to performative relationships through the generation and transmission of vital information in the musical score and through the development of new technologies for facilitating performer synchronisation; and 4) the post-digital experience, where all digital means of manipulation are permitted and embraced, leading to new ways of listening to and forming reproduced realities. Each of these four aesthetic approaches are considered individually in relation to the core constraints, through discussion of the present-day technical conditions, and how each of these approaches are applied to my musical portfolio through practical illustration.</p>

A Study of the Influence of Music on Audiences’ Cognition of Animation

How do animation directors and music composers integrate personal creativity and expression into their work, and how do audiences understand and appreciate it as being important and worthy of discussion? This study explores the influence of music on audiences’ cognition of animation by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Scholars specializing in aesthetics and music have conducted much research on music aesthetics and music itself. In recent years, further studies on music and film have also been carried out. However, there is a lack of research regarding audiences’ cognition of music in animation. This study focuses on the popular form of sand animation and provides insights into audiences’ cognition differences and preferences in order to uncover the core factors. The findings are that: (1) the audience perceived more consistent and subtle differences in the use of musical instruments, rhythm cadence and video–audio fit; there were also obvious differences in the perceptions of vocal skills, performance skills and musical style as well as emotional transmission; (2) three aspects of the audiences’ evaluation of an animation were affected by music: creativity, cultural meaning and preferences. The seven elements that constitute animation music (use of orchestration, vocal skills, musical style, rhythm cadence, performance techniques, emotional transmission and video–audio fit) exerted varying degrees of influence on the audiences’ evaluation of the animation film. Amongst these, video–audio fit was found to be the most important element, as it simultaneously affected the audiences’ evaluation in terms of creativity, cultural meaning and preferences; (3) audiences of different ages and professional backgrounds showed significant differences in evaluating animation films in terms of creativity, culture and preference; and (4) differences in music had a significant impact on audiences’ perceptions and evaluations of 10 facets of animation films, including the story content, role identification and spiritual fit.

ASESMEN PERKEMBANGAN PADA ASPEK NILAI MORAL DAN AGAMA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PENILAIAN UNJUK KERJA

This study aims to describe the development of students' moral values, teacher activities, student activities, assessment techniques for work, and analyze the results of the development of students' religious and moral values. The type of research and approach in this research is descriptive qualitative research. While the research subjects consisted of teachers and students aged 4-5 years in TK-Zainuddin. Secondary data used in data collection by using instruments of observation, interviews, and documentation techniques that connect researchers to solve a problem. The results of the research obtained in the development of moral values, religion, namely, by using performance appraisal techniques with activities including greeting, polite to older people, honest, responsible, polite when speaking every Sunday. These activities include practicing the fardhu prayer movement. Then every month they make pilgrimages, visit orphanages, and every semester hold PHBI events. In assessing performance techniques on aspects of the development of moral values, religion carried out in Zanuddin Kindergarten by teachers is to use portfolios and checklists as assessment instruments.