Upaya Transformasi Masyarakat Indonesia Pada Era Masyarakat 5.0 Berdasarkan Ajaran Yesus tentang Kerajaan Allah

Terkoneksinya antara dunia fisik dengan dunia digital sebagai ciri dari Masyarakat 5.0 memicu perubahan-perubahan kultur dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Hal ini memerlukan respons Gereja yang berbeda, baik pada konteks teologi maupun praksis transformasi. Upaya transformasi terlihat cenderung bersifat parsial, di antara pengutamaan pemberitaan Injil atau tanggungjawab sosial. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya tarik menarik pengaruh teologi yang bersifat membedakan (polarization) ataupun menyamakan (equalization) diantara keduanya, sehingga dampak transformasi kurang optimal. Dibutuhkan model upaya transformasi yang bersifat integratif dan relevan. Penelitian mencoba mengkaji kehadiran Kristus dalam menyatakan Kerajaan Allah tidak sebatas berita pertobatan juga melibatkan diri-Nya dalam pergumulan sosial masyarakat. Praksis-Nya melampaui upaya ekualisasi ataupun polarisasi tetapi menekankan urgensi integrasi keduanya. Praksis ini akan ditawarkan menjadi model transformasi masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode hermeneutika dengan memberi tekanan pada analisis historis dan sosial terhadap beberapa bagian teks tertentu dalam Injil berkenaan dengan kehadiran Kerajaan Allah yang digagas Yesus.The connection between the physical world and the digital world as a characteristic of Society 5.0 has triggered cultural changes in the lives of society. These cultural changes will require a different Church response, be it in theological context as well as transformation praxis. The existing transformation efforts is often seen as partial, between prioritizing the preaching of the gospel or social responsibility. This is due to the tug-of-war effect between the two theological influences with differentiating nature (polarization) or equalizing nature (equalization), so that the transformation impact is perceived as nonoptimal. A model of transformative effort that is integrative and relevant is needed. The research tries to examine the presence of Christ in proclaiming the Kingdom of God which was not only limited to conveying the message of repentance but also involved Himself in the social struggles of society. His praxis go beyond equalization or polarization and instead emphasize the urgency of the integration of the two. This praxis will be offered as a society transformation model in Indonesia. This research is conducted by hermeneutic method with emphasize on historical and social analysis towards certain texts of the Bible regarding the presence of the Kingdom of God initiated by Jesus.

Understanding Pannenberg: Landmark Theologian of the Twentieth Century

SummaryThe volume introduces the reader to the main aspects of the theology of W. Pannenberg. After describing Pannenberg’s biographical data and theological influences on him, the author points out the significance of the physical resurrection of Jesus for the overall theological conception of Pannenberg. Subsequent chapters are on the doctrine of God, Christology and anthropology as well as pneumatology, the perception of history as revelation and the Church. Thiselton presents Pannenberg’s thoughts as basically convincing without articulating substantial critical questions. Nevertheless, the book is suitable as a textbook given its structured and comprehensive presentation and also because each chapter concludes with questions for discussion and the book comprises a bibliography and several indices.RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage expose les principaux aspects de la théologie de Pannenberg. Après un portrait biographique de ce théologien et une présentation des influences qui se sont exercées sur sa pensée, Thiselton met en lumière l’importance de la résurrection physique de Jésus dans la pensée théologique de Pannenberg. Les chapitres suivants sont consacrés à la doctrine de Dieu, la christologie et l’anthropologie, ainsi qu’à la pneumatologie, à la manière dont Pannenberg perçoit l’histoire de la révélation et à l’Église. La présentation que Thiselton livre ainsi est convaincante, mais ignore certaines questions critiques importantes. Cet ouvrage constitue un bon manuel recommandable pour sa présentation structurée et complète et pour la façon dont chaque chapitre se conclut sur des questions pertinentes pouvant servir de base de discussion. Il comporte aussi une bibliographie et de nombreux indexes.ZusammenfassungDer Band führt in die wichtigsten Aspekte der Theologie W. Pannenbergs ein. Nach Ausführungen zu biographischen Stationen und theologischen Einflüssen wird die Bedeutung der leiblichen Auferstehung Jesu für die theologische Gesamtkonzeption Pannenbergs herausgearbeitet. Es folgen Kapitel zur Gotteslehre, Christologie und Anthropologie sowie zur Lehre vom Heiligen Geist, dem Verständnis von Geschichte als Offenbarung und zur Kirche. Thiselton präsentiert Pannenbergs Konzeption als grundsätzlich überzeugend, gewichtige kritische Anfragen werden nicht formuliert. Das Buch eignet sich gleichwohl als Lehrmittel, da die Darstellung strukturiert und verständlich ist, jedes Kapitel mit Fragen zur Diskussion abschließt und das Buch mit einer Bibliographie und mehreren Indices versehen ist.

Episcopalian Theology 1689–c.1900

The chapter examines the principal developments in the emergence of the Scottish Episcopal Church from the end of the Stuart monarchy in 1689, when Episcopalians began to be ejected as non-jurors from the Church of Scotland to the end of the nineteenth century. It concentrates on those aspects of theology which particularly marked out these Scots as Episcopalians, especially in liturgy, the Eucharist and sacraments, episcopacy, and Jacobitism. While reviewing the development of a separate ecclesiastical and theological identity in these two centuries, the chapter also explores some of the internal theological differences between Episcopalians. External theological influences and connections from England over this period, principally from High Church, Oxford Movement Anglicanism, and Evangelicalism, are also examined.

The Balfour Declaration: Scottish Presbyterian Eschatology and British Policy Towards Palestine

This article considers the theological influences on the Balfour Declaration which was made on the 2 November 1917 and for the first time gave British governmental support to the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It explores the principal personalities and political workings behind the Declaration before going on to argue the statement cannot be entirely divested from the religious sympathies of those involved, especially Lord Balfour. Thereafter, the paper explores the rise of Christian Restorationism in the context of Scottish Presbyterianism, charting how the influence of Jonathan Edwards shaped the thought of Thomas Chalmers on the role of the Jews in salvation history which in turn influenced the premillennialism of Edward Irving and his Judeo-centric eschatology. The paper then considers the way this eschatology became the basis of John Darby’s premillennial dispensationalism and how in an American context this theology began to shape the thinking of Christian evangelicals and through the work of William Blackstone provide the basis of popular and political support for Zionism. However, it also argues the political expressions of premillennial dispensationalism only occurred in America because the Chicago evangelist Dwight L. Moody was exposed to the evolving thinking of Scottish Presbyterians regarding Jewish restoration. This thinking had emerged from a Church of Scotland ‘Mission of Inquiry’ to Palestine in 1839 and been advanced by Alexander Keith, Horatius Bonar and David Brown. Finally, the paper explores how this Scottish Presbyterian heritage influenced the rise of Zionism and Balfour and his political judgements.

Converting Racism

African American Charlotte Wright’s book Beneath the Southern Cross: The Story of an American Bishop’s Wife in South Africa (1955) is a unique text. This article uses a womanist theological framework, situated within studies of African American women and religion, to acknowledge that the experiences and writing of Wright must be considered in terms of race, gender, class, and theological influences. By considering these four factors in conjunction it is argued that despite the conservative nature of Wright’s text she subtly, but radically, challenged the erotic gaze and derogatory racial stereotypes of African American inferiority.

Theological Metaphors in Mathematics

Examples of possible theological influences upon the development of mathematics are indicated. The best known connection can be found in the realm of infinite sets treated by us as known or graspable, which constitutes a divine-like approach. Also the move to treat infinite processes as if they were one finished object that can be identified with its limits is routine in mathematicians, but refers to seemingly super-human power. For centuries this was seen as wrong and even today some philosophers, for example Brian Rotman, talk critically about “theological mathematics”. Theological metaphors, like “God’s view”, are used even by contemporary mathematicians. While rarely appearing in official texts they are rather easily invoked in “the kitchen of mathematics”. There exist theories developing without the assumption of actual infinity the tools of classical mathematics needed for applications (For instance, Mycielski’s approach). Conclusion: mathematics could have developed in another way. Finally, several specific examples of historical situations are mentioned where, according to some authors, direct theological input into mathematics appeared: the possibility of the ritual genesis of arithmetic and geometry, the importance of the Indian religious background for the emergence of zero, the genesis of the theories of Cantor and Brouwer, the role of Name-worshipping for the research of the Moscow school of topology. Neither these examples nor the previous illustrations of theological metaphors provide a certain proof that religion or theology was directly influencing the development of mathematical ideas. They do suggest, however, common points and connections that merit further exploration.