Composition of place, minority vs. majority group-status, & contextualized experience: The role of level of group representation, perceiving place in group-based terms, and sense of belonging in shaping collective behavior

The current studies (N = 1,709) explore why demographic composition of place matters. First, this work demonstrates that relative level of group representation affects one’s experience of place in the form of self-definition (self-categorization), perceptions of place being representative or characteristic of factors that distinguish the group from others (place-prototypicality), and sense of belonging (place-identification; Studies 1a-1e; Studies 2a & 2b). Second, the studies illustrate that group representation within place shapes the way group member’s approach (i.e., expectations of group-based treatment and procedural justice; Studies 2a-2c), understand (i.e., attribution for group-based events, Study 2b; responsiveness to bias-reduction intervention, Study 4a; sense of solidarity, Study 4b), and behave (i.e., prejudice, Studies 3a & 3b; collective action, Study 4c). More broadly, I present a Social identity Paradigm for Contextualized Experience (SPACE) that provides an organizing framework for the study of the impact of characteristics of place on social identity-based contextualized experience and (in turn) collective behavior. Taken together, the findings provide evidence of distinct psychological experience and orientation as a function of minority versus majority-group status within place, as well as for a group-based approach to place. Implications for the study of collective and intergroup behavior are discussed.

Place or Partisanship? The Conditional Role of Identities on Candidate Support

Recent work on the influence of social identities reveals that placed-based attachments serve as a powerful heuristic when making political assessments. When a politician makes a place-based appeal—such as cuing rural origins—individuals who share that identity more strongly support the candidate. Yet, other important identities—namely, partisanship—are strongly related to place. Here, we attempt to disentangle the unique influence of a place-based identity (and the strength thereof) on candidate support. Additionally, we ask whether shared place can compel supportive behavior, rather than merely increase expressive support. Using a unique survey experiment, we find that those who strongly identify with a place are more willing to donate to the campaign of a shared-place candidate, relative to weaker place identification, but only among co-partisans. We find little evidence that place attachment influences supportive behavior beyond the role of partisanship. Disparate identities—here, place and partisanship—that create cross-pressures can operate in tandem.

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Recovering Natural and Cultural Landscape and Place Identification: A Case Study of Can Moritz Spring (Rubí, Spain)

The perception of the quality of green and blue spaces can be key in the relationship between a community and its local landscape (i.e., place identification). The lack of transdisciplinary training and social-specific education of landscape architects regarding the complexity of landscape as a participative cultural artefact limits reaching the general population. Bridging this gap of landscape and place identification and evaluation by a local community was the main objective of the present case study conducted at an abandoned spring and seasonal stream area in Rubí (Spain). The “Steinitz method” of landscape evaluation was used as a participatory method to activate community members to learn about and express their visual preferences regarding this neglected landscape. Bottom-up interventions applying an “urban acupuncture” approach in the area identified as the least attractive by the residents were co-designed and combined with a top-down restoration of a nearby, existing but derelict and hidden, spring. In addition, before and after planning and implementing the intervention, we conducted surveys about the community perception, sense of belonging and use of the space. We observed that the lack of awareness of the inhabitants about this spring was an obstacle preventing the community from embracing the potential for health and wellbeing presented by the spring and adjacent landscape. Following the work, the landscape saw increasing use, and the historic spring was brought back to life as a resource to help people to improve their health and wellbeing.

Trends in the development of digital technologies for diagnosing the technical condition of tractors

Digital methods for diagnosing the technical condition of equipment are considered. It has been established that the most important means of increasing the efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery is the in-place identification of the parameters of the technical condition of the machine without disassembling it by improving the methods of monitoring the quality of work through the introduction of modern digital technologies.

Proactive Assistance System for Visually Challenged Persons Using Internet of Things Based on Machine Learning

In this Paper, mainly focusing the visually challenged persons are struggling to move from one place to another place, identification of location, non-visibility of persons and reading newspapers. Due to lack of non visual information in their nearby environment, In order to reduce the burden of the visually challenged persons problems, the proposed system is consist of Wearable device with well equipped earphone and camera, location identification, face recognition, text recognition by use of Android mobile device. The deep learning approach is proposed to predict secure and consistent walk able commands. The Android Mobile Application is used to voice recognition, identifying the location, face recognition and text recognition. The proposed low cost prototype is effective way the visually challenged person to interact with their surrounding environment.

‘Plural Reciprocity’ vs. ‘Acquaintance Society’: Place Attachment and Residential Satisfaction under Development-Induced Resettlement Differences in Guangzhou, China

In the context of urban expansion and regeneration, development-induced resettlement has had inevitable impacts on place attachment and residential satisfaction of residents. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the social-psychological performances of both attachment and satisfaction, and the possible influences of the former on the latter. Such deficiency also emerges when considering different resettlement patterns in peripheral urban China. This study conducted a semi-structural survey on two neighborhoods affected by the construction of Higher Mega Education Center (HEMC) in Guangzhou with different resettlement patterns. Based on multidimensional measurement, residents in relocated subsidized housing expressed higher attachment and satisfaction through the remaining social bonding as ‘acquaintance society’ than those in in-situ urban villages relying on self-identified clan-kinship and stable reciprocity. Hukou status is found to be fundamental in building attachment and life fulfillment, especially for the urban villages with plural population structure. Significances are found in the impacts of place dependence, social bonding and place identification on residential satisfaction in in-situ neighborhoods while only social bonding was found to be significant in the relocated ‘enclave’ one. However, deeper integration with affective connections are insufficient for both. The findings generally indicate that positive outcomes are also achieved for self-regeneration after resettlement.

How multiple identities shape behavioral intention: place and team identification on spectator attendance

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the complexity of how spectators' multiple identities influence their behavioral intention. Specifically, the authors examined the effects of spectators' place identification, team identification and an interaction effect on attendance intention using social identity complexity framework.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from spectators attending professional baseball games in South Korea. While 550 questionnaires were returned, 475 (86.36%) were used in the analysis after excluding incomplete responses. The research model was tested using latent moderated structural equations modeling.FindingsResults indicated place identification only influenced attendance intentions through an interaction effect, while team identity directly affects attendance intention. Highly identified sport consumers intended to attend future games regardless of place identification, while the sense of love for the team's home region motivated low-identified sport consumers more to attend future games.Originality/valueThe findings of this research led to understanding the relationships between multiple identities and behavioral intention and provided the spectator sport industry with valuable strategies to manage their sport consumers.

ESSENCE OF CRIMINALISTIC TACTICS

Performing of criminal procedure activities during pre-trial procedure (investigative activities) in order to find and fix (according to criminal procedure) traces linked to criminal act event, compiling and checking of necessary evidence of corpus delicti presence and other circumstances linked to this event forms essence of any investigation of criminal offence. Modern system of investigative actions in Criminal procedure in Latvia is restricted to the following list of investigative actions: interrogation, questioning, face-to-face interrogation, inspection, exhumation, examination, investigative experiment, checking evidence in place, identification, search, seizure and expertise. Besides the list of investigative activities in Latvia there are also normative regulations about general requirements for their performing. Apart from expertise all investigative actions allow direct perception and fixation of criminal act traces by a person realizing investigation. Expertise is based on the mediated knowledge acquisition about criminal act traces. A person performing criminal investigation this knowledge receives with the help of an expert producing special study. The theoretical bases of all investigative actions are modern theories of observation, experiment, comparison, measurement and modeling. Type and content of a separate investigative action which is determined normatively in a given state is the determining factor in the designation and definition of its tactics. Totality of tactic regularities of performing specific investigative activities is forming criminalistic tactics. Therefore criminalistic tactics can be defined as chapter of special part of criminalistic theory describing and explaining regularities of performing investigative activities. Attempts by some authors to "embed" into criminalistic terminology such terms as judicial tactics, prosecutor's tactics, advocacy tactics and other similar "novels" have nothing to do with criminal investigation within the modern criminal procedure and do not belong to criminalistics. Use of such terms in scientific papers on criminalistics should be evaluated as obstruction of criminalistic terminology.