Conocimiento didáctico de contenido en el marco de la enseñanza para la comprensión de la Educación Física escolar: revisión Sistemática (Didactic knowledge of content in the teaching framework for the understanding of school Physical Education: systemati

La investigación educativa desde la perspectiva del conocimiento didáctico de contenido ha interpretado y realizado aportes en el desarrollo del saber didáctico de los docentes en formación y en ejercicio. El propósito de este texto fue hacer una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de interpretar la literatura existente sobre el conocimiento didáctico de contenido en el marco de la enseñanza para la comprensión en la educación física, que dan cuenta del estado del arte de la cuestión. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda sistemática siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA, los artículos y tesis se incluyeron siguiendo los siguientes criterios: (a) estudios publicados en los últimos 11 años (desde 2010 hasta mayo de 2021); (b) escritos en inglés, portugués y español; (c) en contexto escolar; (d) cuyo objeto de estudio incluyera como variables conocimiento didáctico de contenido (CDC), enseñanza para la comprensión y educación física, así como la actividad física. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos, 2 capítulo de libro y 9 tesis para formar la muestra final. En la búsqueda se evidencian pocos estudios sobre el CDC en la educación física, tampoco se encuentran relaciones entre las investigaciones con la enseñanza para la comprensión escolar, lo cual hace necesario adelantar estudios asociando en estas tres categorías. Abstract: Educational research from the perspective of didactic content of content has interpreted and made contributions in the development of teaching knowledge and exercise. The purpose of this text was to make a systematic review with the aim of interpreting existing literature on didactic knowledge of content in the framework of education for understanding in physical education, which account for the status of the art of the issue. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out following the prism guidelines, the articles and thesis were included following the following criteria: (a) studies published in the last 11 years (from 2010 to May 2021); (b) written in English, Portuguese and Spanish; (c) in school context; (d) whose object of study included as variables didactic knowledge of content (CDC), teaching for understanding and physical education, as well as physical activity. 21 articles, 2 book chapter and 9 theses were selected to form the final sample. In the search few studies are evident on the CDC in physical education, there are no relationship between research with education for school understanding, which makes it necessary to advance studies associating in these three categories.

INDONESIAN MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF CONTENT AND STUDENTS OF AREA AND PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE

Measuring teachers' skills and competencies is necessary to ensure teacher quality and contribute to education quality. Research has shown teachers competencies and skills influence students’ performances. Previous studies explored teachers’ knowledge through testing. Teachers' knowledge of the topic of area-perimeter and teaching strategies has been assessed through testing. In general, items or tasks to assess mathematics teacher knowledge in the previous studies were dominated by subject matter knowledge problems. Thus, it seems that the assessment has not fully covered the full range of teacher knowledge and competencies. In this study, the researchers investigated mathematics teachers’ Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS) through lesson plans developed by the teachers. To accommodate the gap in the previous studies, this study focuses on KCS on the topic of area-perimeter through their designed lesson plans. Twenty-nine mathematics teachers attended a professional development activity voluntarily participated in this study. Two teachers were selected to be the focus of this case study. Content analysis of the lesson plan and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and then data were analyzed. It revealed that the participating teachers were challenged when making predictions of students' possible responses. They seemed unaware of the ordinary students' strategies used to solve maximizing area from a given perimeter. With limited knowledge of students' possible strategies and mistakes, these teachers were poorly prepared to support student learning.

Fostering Middle School Teachers’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching via Analysis of Tasks and Student Work

Mathematical knowledge for teaching is a complex web of knowledge domains. In this article, we share findings from an 18-month professional development project that aimed to improve middle school mathematics teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) of proportional reasoning by focusing on the critical analysis of mathematical tasks and student work. Although multiple studies have shown that professional development can contribute to teachers’ MKT globally, little is known about how this knowledge grows and how specific domains of MKT can be targeted through professional development. Findings in this study show how professional development positively influenced participants’ knowledge of content and teaching and knowledge of content and students, two domains of MKT, through teachers’ twinned analyses of tasks and student work in proportional reasoning.

Patterns in Kindergarten: Teachers' Knowledge of Content and Students and Associated Self-Efficacy Beliefs

The present study engages in sixty kindergarten teachers' knowledge and self-efficacy related to patterns. Two aspects are examined: Teachers' pedagogical knowledge of content and students (specifically, what is easy or difficult for the children and what their typical errors are) as well as teachers' self-efficacy in their knowledge. These aspects are explored about two types of patterns - a repeating pattern and a growing pattern. The results pertaining to the repeating pattern show that teachers have knowledge of children's typical errors. However, they have partial knowledge of what is easy or difficult for the children: they tend to underestimate children's performance. Regarding the growing pattern, teachers have partial knowledge of both children's typical errors and of what is easy or difficult for them: they tend to overestimate children's performance. The results may have implications for teachers' education and guidance, especially novice teachers.

Learning to see distinctions through learning studies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify changes in teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as a result of their participation in two learning studies in mathematics. Design/methodology/approach A group of four mathematics teachers and the researcher of this paper explored two objects of learning related to division with decimal numbers and the straight-line equation in a learning study (LS) project over the course of one year. The data used consist of eight video-recorded lessons, four written student tests, eight student interviews and 14 recorded team meetings. The analysis was based on the variation theory principle about learning (Marton, 2015) and on ontological assumptions within the phenomenographic approach (Marton, 1981). Findings It was found that teachers’ PCK was changed and refined through the LS process in terms of differences in ways of understanding and discussing critical aspects related to each object of learning. In the paper, the terms “presumed critical aspects” and “explored critical aspects” are used to illustrate this difference. Furthermore, the concepts are viewed in relation to three subdomains of PCK: knowledge of content and curriculum (KCC), knowledge of content and students (KCS) and knowledge of content and teaching (KCT). Originality/value Bringing out the difference between “presumed critical aspect” and “explored critical aspects” advances the view that critical aspects are dynamic and emergent in practice – in the interaction between teaching and student learning. The research exposes “explored critical aspects” as a specific form of PCK in which KCC, KCS and KCT are intertwined.

Exemplary Teachers’ Understandings of Writing Instruction for Students with Disabilities Included in Secondary Language Arts Classes: It’s a Beautiful Struggle

Teaching writing well poses several challenges in today’s diverse classrooms. Despite a growing research base on teaching writing, outcomes for students with disabilities in secondary schools continue to be disappointing. Research in the naturalistic tradition that would help educators understand the knowledge and beliefs that influence teachers’ practice, however, is scarce. Specifically, researchers know little about how exemplary general education teachers, who often have little to no training in special education, think about writing instruction for students with disabilities. To investigate teachers’ understandings and practices for supporting students with disabilities, interviews, observations, and artifacts were analyzed using qualitative methods. Exemplary teachers’ understandings of writing instruction for students with disabilities who are included in 9th- and 10th-grade general education language arts classes included deep and integrated knowledge of content and pedagogy that enabled them to facilitate the students’ progress. Teachers had firm beliefs that (a) students with disabilities could make progress and (b) learning writing was vitally important. Teachers’ understandings of writing instruction for students with disabilities were influenced by their knowledge of content and pedagogy, their beliefs about students and writing, and the contexts within which they worked. Implications include a call for more research about (a) the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their practices, (b) opportunities to engage in context-embedded professional development, and (c) the amount of time necessary to reflect on, respond to, and deliver meaningful feedback in a sustained dialogue about writing for students with disabilities.