‘para empresas más altas y de mayor importancia’

Due to the popularity of Don Quixote and later works, Cervantes’s La Galatea has suffered from being overlooked or maligned. This chapter argues that Cervantes, by choosing the pastoral as his first substantial narrative, continues the tradition of the pastoral novel initiated by Montemayor’s La Diana and supersedes it. Cervantes introduces himself as an Orphic poet who participates in the famed rota Virgilii, or Virgil’s Wheel, which may have originated from the enigmatic verses that appeared in the frontispiece of a first-century edition of Virgil’s Aeneid: ‘I am he who once tuned my song on a slender reed, / then, leaving the woodland, compelled the neighbouring / fields to serve the husbandman, however grasping— / a work welcome to farmers: but now of Mars’ bristling’. By starting with the pastoral, a writer would emulate the famed Virgil by later composing works comparable to the Georgics and, afterwards, to the Aeneid.

FEATURES OF SENTIMENTALISM IN THE PASTORAL NOVEL OF WILLIAM GODWIN "IMOGEN"

The subject of the article is the peculiarities of sentimentalism in one of W. Godwin's early novels "Imogen". The author comes to the conclusion that, relying on the traditional understanding of sentimental pastoralism (the leading role of nature in the "bucolic" or "Georgian" understanding, the use of a pastoral chronotope, idealization of the pastoral lifestyle, the depiction of platonic feelings between heroes, the presence of pastoral conflicts), W. Godwin uses these features as a background to illustrate his socio-political ideas. He widely uses the technique of contrast, building a system of conflicts on its basis, complicates the nature of the characters and the relationships between them, making them more contradictory, and experiments with style and genre canons. As a result, the originality of the author's perception of sentimentalism in the pastoral novel "Imogen" lies in the mixture of typically sentimental features and the author's specific socio-political worldview. In addition, while writing the novel, the writer's style is still in development, which also leaves an imprint on the manifestation of a sentimental basis in the work.

The Early Writings of W. Godwin as Exemplified by his Pastoral Novel “Imogen”

В статье проводится анализ одного из ранних произведений английского писателя, журналиста, политического философа Уильяма Годвина — пасторального романа «Имоджен». Рассматриваются основные черты романа, влияющие на его дальнейший перевод на русский язык, выделены особенности, связанные с жанром произведения, его сходством с пьесой-маской Джона Мильтона «Комус» и с мировоззрением и индивидуальным стилем У. Годвина.

Plotting Imperfections in La Galatea

As with Boccaccio’s tale in the previous chapter, the story of Silerio and Timbrio from Cervantes’s pastoral novel, La Galatea, circulates around the notion of the test of friendship. In contrast to Boccaccio, however, Cervantes revels in upending the formal pretentions of the conventional paradigm for writing perfect friendship. Hinting at the enhanced subjective complexity of modern novelistic discourse, the narrative repeatedly disrupts the determinism of the traditional tale of two friends, the scripting of narrative outcomes in the interest of preserving the conceptual purity of the Aristotelian ideal. Thus, while the narrative superficially complies with the basic structural requirements of the tale of two friends tradition, there persists a powerful awareness of the contrived basis of that tradition that undermines the credibility of the narrative’s plotting.

Iacopo Sannazaro - Arcadia - Arkadien

Iacopo Sannazaro’s ‘Arcadia’ (1504) was the first pastoral novel in European literature and it has had an unparalleled impact. The list of writers outside Italy who were inspired by Sannazaro’s novel includes Garcilaso, Montemayor, Cervantes, Sidney, d’Urfé and Opitz, a list that can be extended to practitioners of the fine arts, music and beyond. The book depicts the experiences of Sincero, a Neopolitan nobleman who has been unlucky in love, living among the shepherds of Arcadia, and in his prosimetrum Sannazaro uses a vast array of quotations from the classic works of ancient and Italian literature which he admired. Franiziska Merklin’s translation of ‘Arcadia’ contains an introduction, which interprets Sannazaro’s novel and traces the history of its reception, a commentary and an explanatory index of names.

"Las aves y animales de la oscura y encantada selva do habitamos": tipología y función de los animales en la novela pastoril española = "Las aves y animales de la oscura y encantada selva do habitamos": Tipology and function of animals in Spanish Pastoral Novel

<p class="Pa15">En este trabajo se analizan las figuras de animales reales presentes en la novela pastoril española de los siglos xvi y xvii, género inaugurado por Jorge de Montemayor con la obra <em>Los siete libros de la Diana </em>(1559). A esta siguió una veintena de obras, cuyo género llegará hasta las tres primeras décadas del siglo xvii. En todas ellas se refiere gran variedad de animales, cuya función suele ser siempre la misma. Sin embargo, a medida que el género evoluciona, aparecen animales fabulosos, tales como las serpientes y perros gigantes.</p><p>In this paper it is analyzed the figures of real animals in the Spanish pastoral novel of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, genre inaugurated by Jorge de Montemayor with the work <em>Los siete libros de la Diana </em>(1559), and many will come to the first three decades of the seventeenth century. They refer va­riety of animals, whose role is usually always the same in all of them. However, as the genre evolves, fabulous animals, such as snakes and giant dogs appear.</p>

Translation as a part of linguoculture of Spain in the XVI-XVII centuries

XVI- XVII centuries were the «golden age» in the history of Spanish culture, which was largely due to the translation. Through translation into Spanish literature, the motifs and forms of lyrical and epic poetry, the themes of ancient and Italian plays, the knightly and pastoral novel, the novel genre have penetrated. The translation allowed the Spaniards to get acquainted with the ideas of humanists from di erent countries of Western and Central Europe. The translation contributed to the enrichment of the Spanish language.

Images of Transparency and Resurrection from Leonardo da Vinci to Crisóstomo Martínez

The essay aims to discuss the fortune of the well-known iconography of the “transparent body” by Leonardo da Vinci, clearly and first of all in the field of artistic anatomy. Some of the most illuminating evidence of this legacy can be found in the plates realized in Paris at the end of the 17th century by the mysterious Valencian engraver Crisóstomo Martínez. These incredible documents are strictly connected to the odd vogue of transparency that, in the same years, seems to affect also European literature, e.g. the pastoral novel Le Berger extravagant by Charles Sorel, the science fiction stories by Cyrano de Bergerac and the famous and “exemplar” tale El licenciado Vidriera by Miguel de Cervantes.