Dynamic calibration of higher eigenmode parameters of a cantilever in atomic force microscopy by using tip–surface interactions

We present a theoretical framework for the dynamic calibration of the higher eigenmode parameters (stiffness and optical lever inverse responsivity) of a cantilever. The method is based on the tip–surface force reconstruction technique and does not require any prior knowledge of the eigenmode shape or the particular form of the tip–surface interaction. The calibration method proposed requires a single-point force measurement by using a multimodal drive and its accuracy is independent of the unknown physical amplitude of a higher eigenmode.

DIFFICULTY OF BOUND STATE PROBLEMS IN RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

In the previous paper, it has been pointed out that, for any model with real bound state in relativistic quantum field theory, Feynman rules do not give the physical amplitude in which the effects of real bound state are considered. By investigating this fact, it is found that an important guiding principle indispensable to discuss real bound state problems is unknown. The way to investigate this principle is not within the framework of relativistic quantum field theory.

Perturbation Expansion: Is it Asymptotic?

It is pointed out that, for any model with bound state, contrary to the case of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, perturbation expansion based on Feynman rules in relativistic quantum field theory is not asymptotic of physical amplitude in which the effects of bound state are considered.

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AMPLITUDES IN THE N=4 SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORY

Using the N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory softly broken by supersymmetric N=1 mass terms for the matter superfields, we compute the one-loop chiral+chiral→antichiral+antichiral scattering amplitude directly in superspace. By suitable choices of the mass parameters, one can endow the model with a hierarchy of light and heavy particles, and the decoupling of the heavy sector from the light-light physical amplitude is studied. We also analyze the high-energy limit of the cross-section for a two physical scalar scattering and find a (logs) behavior, which then respects the Froissart bound.

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AMPLITUDES IN A FINITE FIELD THEORY

Using the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory softly broken by supersymmetric N=1 mass terms for the matter superfields, we compute the one-loop chiral+chiral→antichiral+antichiral scattering amplitude directly in superspace. By suitable choices of the mass parameters, one can endow the model with a hierarchy of light and heavy particles, and the decoupling of the heavy sector from the light-light physical amplitude is studied. We also analyze the high energy limit of the cross section for a two physical scalar scattering and find a (logs) behavior, which then respects the Froissart bound.