PEMANFAATAN GUA-GUA ALAM DI KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA SEBAGAI BUKTI AKTIVITAS MANUSIA MASA LALU

Human life in the past, especially in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene are very dependent on the availability of natural resources around them. One of adaptation to an environment that does is use the cave as a shelter. The location was chosen with consideration of the cave near the water source, easy to get the food needed and is safe from the threat of wild animals. Natural caves scattered Morowali district is used as a shelter and burial with the remains of stone-tool artifacts flakes, blades and waste product; kitchen midden and animal bones: skull, bones and human teeth; rock painting in the form of hand stencils.

On the subsistence types of the Xiantouling Culture

The Xiantouling Culture featured sand dune sites and shell midden (kitchen midden) sites. Through an analysis of the faunal and floral remains and tools unearthed from these sites, with the relevant unearthed pottery wares and paleo-environmental research results taken into account, it can be evidenced that the subsistence types of these sites were mainly plant gathering supplemented by fishing and hunting, instead of relying on marine resources. The subsistence type of the sand dune sites was mainly plant gathering and occasionally rice gathering or farming; that of the earlier kitchen madden sites was gathering freshwater shells, and that of the later ones was more relying on marine resources. From the late phase of Xiantouling Culture, the archaeological cultures in the coastal areas of southeastern China began to utilize marine resources in a large scale.

Sungai Wampu, Pendukung Kehidupan Pemukim Bukit Kerang

As one of an ancient river in north Sumatera, the Wampu river has taken an important part in supporting a settlement area in Kitchen Midden on 5000--7000 BP.

Hoabinhian and Austronesia: The Root of Diversity in the Western Part of Indonesia

The western part of Indonesia mentioned in this paper includes the provinces of North Sumatera and Aceh, in the northern part of Sumatera. The two provinces are rich in archaeological remains, particularly those from Early Holocene up to the megalithic culture. Human activities during the Early Holocene were characterized by the presence of Kitchen Midden sites and Austromelanesoids with Hoabinh culture. This culture is commonly found along the east coast of the two provinces, and some of them are on highlands. The Neolithic culture, which contributes highly significant Austronesian data, are found at the sites on highland area, while other cultures from later period contribute the Megalithic culture that continues until now and becomes the living tradition. The entire depiction is the achievement from a series of archaeological researches, which in turn describes the mixing process among humans and their cultures. The result is a diversity of Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of Indonesia.

BUDAYA PRASEJARAH PADA BUKIT KERANG PANGKALAN, AKAR PLURALISME DAN MULTIKULTURALISME DI PESISIR TIMUR PULAU SUMATERA

AbstrakUpaya meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat akan Pluralisme dan multikulturalisme di pesisir timur Pulau Sumatera dapat dilakukan dengan penyebarluasan hasil penelitian arkeologis. Metode penelitian arkeologis yang holistik dalam satu kawasan yang disertai pemanfaatan hasil penelitian arkeologis di kawasan lainnya melalui perbandingan data di antaranya akan memberikan informasi proses plural dan multikultural yang telah terjadi pada suatu masyarakat. Akar pluralisme dan multikulturalisme dari sejak masa prasejarah terungkap melalui hasil penelitian di Situs Bukit Kerang Pangkalan yang menunjukkan adanya migrasi yang disertai tiga budaya besar yang berlangsung di daerah tersebut yakni budaya prahoabinh, hoabinh dan pasca hoabinh. Data arkeologis pada situs-situs di sekitar Bukit Kerang Pangkalan menunjukkan adanya migrasi kelompok manusia beserta budayanya dari budaya besar lainnya, seperti budaya Neolitik dengan kapak persegi dan gerabahnya dan budaya Dongson dengan artefak perunggunya. AbstractDisseminating the result of archaeological research in the east coast of Sumatera would make a better understanding of pluralism and multiculturalism. A holistic archaeological approach and a comparative study were conducted in this research. We came into conclusion that the root of pluralism and multiculturalism traced back to prehistoric times was revealed through our research in the bukit kerang (kitchen midden) of Pangkalan. From this site we know that there was a human migration that brought three great cultures to the site: the pre-hoabinhian, the hoabinhian, and the post-hoabinhian cultures. Archaeological records from the vicinity has shown us that there were migrations of another human group who brought neolithic culture as well as bronze artifacts of Dongson culture.