THE MATRIX OF LAND TENURE PROPERTY RIGHT FOR WATER SETTLEMENT AREA

The Land Tenure Property Right (LTPR) concept is critical for establishing ownership and rights to land or property. Land is inextricably linked to a community's social identities, and it is critical for them to understand their rights. Water settlement areas are not included in the formal LTPR, which results in ambiguous rights, informal land tenure, and ambiguity regarding certain LTPR elements. As a result, this article will discuss the difficulties associated with LTPR in this area. The article employs a qualitative approach, with data collected via face-to-face interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Three case studies are included, in which all of the villages are located in a water settlement area. Six challenges are identified in the context of LTPR that require revision and strengthening. By combining the general LTPR framework and the results, a Matrix of LTPR that meets the criteria in the water settlement area is produced.

Etnesjøen – en førromersk landsby på Vestlandet

In the summer months of 2013, the University Museum of Bergen conducted an archeological excavation of a large prehistoric settlement area at Etnesjøen in Etne parish, Western Norway. By use of mechanized top soil stripping numerous buildings, inhumation burials, cooking pits and kilns were uncovered. The site dates from the Late Bronze Age to Early Medieval Period. The focus of the article is the discovery of a Pre-Roman Iron Age village, formed of up to six farms chronologically spanning up to five generations of continuous occupation. At the time of the excavation, this was only the second pre-historic village of its kind found in Norway, indicating a significant and important discovery.

Assessment of the level of drainage services in Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), Balikpapan, Indonesia

Flood is a major disaster in Balikpapan City. One of the locations experiencing high flooding is in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), especially in Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street. One of the causes of this flood-prone area is the suboptimal drainage conditions. This study aimed to assess the drainage services in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), of Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street to observe the drainage services and overcome flood problems. Achieving such goals was done by analyzing the service level of the drainage channel by using the scoring and weighting method. The scoring and weighting method produced classifications of drainage services in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed) on Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street, namely, medium and bad drainage services. There is segment 2 channel 2A, segment 3 channel 3A, segment 4 channel 4A, and segment 5 on channel 5A and 5B classified as having bad service level and there are 13 channels classified as having moderate service levels.

A Study on the potential of branding aspect in Balikpapan Kota District, Balikpapan City, Indonesia

Balikpapan is experiencing urbanization quite rapidly and has a role in residential development to accommodate the needs of its citizen. One of the strategic issues of settlements in Balikpapan is the settlements that have decreased in quality in settlement area. Based on the City Service Center System Plan of the Balikpapan Spatial Plan, Balikpapan Kota District functions as a Government Service Center, Trade and Service Center, Health Service Center, and Education Center in a City-wide Scale. Balikpapan Kota District Settlement Area is included in the area with a mild level of slum. Naturally, this will result in a shift in public perception of the area and, thus, undermines the image of the area or, arguably, the area does not have the essence of city branding value. Thus, it is necessary to study the potential in the aspect of branding in the Balikpapan Kota District Settlement Area. In achieving these objectives, an analysis related to the city’s branding aspects was carried out. The branding aspect approach in this study used the City Branding Hexagon approach. The analysis was conducted by means of quantitative descriptive method (scoring method). The results of this study provided a score from the branding aspect of the settlement area. The results of the branding aspects analysis in the Balikpapan Kota District have been identified from the neighbourhood, sub-district, and district scale. Balikpapan Kota District Settlement Area has the most substantial potential in the dimensions of Potential (2.90) and Prerequisite (2.76). There are two branding potentials but they are quite weak compared to the other aspects, which are the Presence (1.75) and Pulse (1.67) dimensions. Moreover, there are dimensions of Place (2.03) and People (2.50), which have potential that can be developed.

Multi-Dimensional Feature Recognition and Policy Implications of Rural Human–Land Relationships in China

Rural decline has become an indisputable fact and a global issue. As a developing country, China is simultaneously facing unprecedented rapid urbanization and severe rural decline. The coordinated development of its rural human–land relationship is therefore of great significance for ensuring the country’s food security and achieving both rural revitalization and sustainable development. Yet, the related research on this complex subject has mostly focused on a single element: rural settlements. Since studies of the rural human–land relationship tend to only discuss the coordinated change in rural populations vis-à-vis rural settlement area, their degree of spatial matching and intensive utilization level of rural settlements has been largely overlooked. To rectify this imbalance, using data on rural populations and rural settlement area in counties of Shandong Province in 2009 and 2018, this paper applied the methods of per capita rural settlement area, the Theil index, and Tapio’s decoupling model to quantitatively identify the rural human–land relationship along three dimensions: intensive utilization level, spatial matching degree, and change coordination degree. The results revealed that the per capita rural settlement area in Shandong Province was as high as 212.18 m2/person in 2018, which exceeded the standard to varying degrees in all cities, having an overall geographical pattern of being high in the north and low in the south. The Theil index for all cities was small, which indicates that the spatial matching between rural population and rural settlements is high. To sum up, there are small differences in the utilization of rural settlements among cities, and their extensive utilization of rural settlements is a common phenomenon. In addition, the relationship between the changes in the rural population size and rural settlement area corresponded to a discordant state, in the form of strong negative decoupling, expansive negative decoupling, and expansive coupling; however, among them, the strong negative decoupling type was the dominant type. It is worth noting that all of these three types will exacerbate the extensive utilization of rural settlements. Accordingly, this paper proposes policies and measures, such as the paid withdrawal of rural homesteads, an expanded scope of homestead transfer, cross-regional “increasing versus decreasing balance”, classified promotion of rural revitalization, and improved village planning.

Aldersro wetland-settlement complex

In southern Scandinavia, the Early Iron Age transition is characterised by radical ideological and organisational changes involving new material practices of sorting, delimiting, depositing and discarding artefacts, humans and nonhumans, in both wetlands and drylands. However, settlements and wetland areas are mostly excavated separately, and the deeper relationship between these practices and associated spheres remains somewhat inconclusive. Aldersro, Eastern Jutland, provides an exceptional opportunity to revisit this relationship. A juxtaposed settlement and wetland activity area spanning more than 1.4 hectares were excavated in 2002-2003. The excavations exposed the structural remains of houses, fences, storage buildings, pits and peat graves. Moreover, they disclosed extensive archaeological remains of more than 800 ceramic vessels, processed wood, stones, burnt organic material, human and animal bones subject to 14C, pollen, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, osteology, and ceramic analyses. The site has provided vital new insights into the diachronic dynamics of depositional and mortuary practices in the Early Iron Age. The highly fragmented remains of more than eight human individuals were mixed and deposited together with typical settlement debris, and would have been exposed right next to a settlement area.

Evaluation of rockfalls at a historical settlement area in the Ihlara valley (Cappadocia, Turkey) using different methods

Rockfalls are one of the most dangerous natural events in hilly terrains. This study presents the results of an investigation program to analyze the possibility of a rockfall from a slope to nearby residential buildings in a historical settlement area. Various rockfall analysis techniques were implemented in the study for this purpose. The kinematical analysis revealed the potential of different structurally controlled modes of failure in the slope, especially wedge type and block toppling were the most significant ones. Finite element analysis suggested a stable slope considering the safety factor of 2.19 for the existing geological and geotechnical conditions of the studied slope case. A possible rockfall trajectory was determined and located as an input in the 2D rockfall program based on the field measurements. Different shapes and sizes of blocks were used in the rigid body model for a more realistic numerical simulation of rockfall events. According to the 2D model results, there was no danger of rockfall for the investigated downslope buildings. However, to stay on a safe side, a suitable control measure with a specified dimension was proposed to manage rockfalls in the study area.

STRATEGI PERANCANGAN KAWASAN PERUMAHAN BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN DI KAWASAN BANDUNG UTARA

The rapid growth of settlement in the northern part of Bandung, as well as known KBU, increases slightly as an impact of the economy growth in the capital city of West Java. These influences strongly has some effects, such as the changing of land use and the decreasing of water absorption. For instance, the agricultural land area, the conservation area and the green area become settlement area and commercial area, therefore this area is a lack of absorption area due to the declining the green area. These evidences are following checked according to the WALHI’s data, around 70% of green area, such as protected forest, agricultural land, and plantation area leads to be settlement area, residential area and commercial area. Mostly Bandung Raya, included Cimahi, South Bandung, and Kabupaten Bandung get flood as the effect of these issues, especially when rain season. Based on the issues explanation and evidences, this research aims to have problem solving in the development of environmental friendly settlement and residential area that will lead to sustainable residences and conservation area. This research purpose is to conduct experimental-based and explorative-based the development model of sustainable residences in the Kelurahan Citeureup, one of sub-district in the North Bandung, through Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approach. This approach is not only study from architectural aspect, but also study from landscape and the utilities aspects. Meanwhile, this method of this study is to conduct morphology analysis to recognize the pattern and urban structure, also the water flow patterns in this area. The result then will be used to elaborate the strategic developing for environmental friendly settlement and residential area (sustainable residences, especially in water well-disposed so that to reduce the flood impact when rain season, the shortage rainfall when dry season, and to fulfill further the sustainability of water needs.Abstrak: Pertumbuhan pemukiman di Kawasan Bandung Utara (KBU) terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bandung sebagai Ibu Kota Jawa Barat. Dampak dari pertumbuhan ini adalah terjadinya alih fungsi lahan, yang sebelumnya merupakan lahan pertanian dan perkebunan, menjadi kawasan pemukiman. Sebagai Kawasan yang diandalkan menjadi daerah resapan air, kondisi KBU saat ini cukup mengkhawatirkan. Berdasarkan data yang dihimpun oleh WALHI, sekitar 70% lahan hijau yang berupa hutan lindung, lahan pertanian dan perkebunan telah beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan permukiman dan komersial. Dampaknya, dapat dilihat saat musim penghujan, dimana banjir terjadi hampir di sebagian wilayah Bandung Raya, mencakup Wilayah Cimahi, Bandung Selatan, Kabupaten Bandung, dan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan isu tersebut, diperlukan solusi terkait model pengembangan kawasan perumahan ramah lingkungan (perumahan berkelanjutan) yang mampu berperan sebagai kawasan konservasi air, selain sebagai tempat bermukim.Melalui pendekatan Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), penelitian ini mencoba mengeksplorasi model pengembangan perumahan berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Citeureup, salah satu kelurahan di Kawasan Bandung Utara, tidak hanya dari segi arsitektur bangunan, namun juga terkait lansekap dan utilitas kawasan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan analisis morfologi kawasan untuk memahami pola dan struktur ruang kawasan dan pola pergerakan aliran air. Hasil dari analisis tersebut selanjutnya digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan kawasan perumahan yang ramah lingkungan (perumahan berkelanjutan) khususnya dalam hal ini ramah air, sehingga dapat turut mengurangi dampak banjir ketika musim penghujan, kekeringan di musim kemarau, serta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air berkelanjutan di masa depan.