INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT "KOSTOPRAV" ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF YOUNG PIGS

The effect of the vitamin and mineral supplement "Kostoprav" on the level of erythrocytes and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as on indicators of live weight, absolute and relative growth and exterior indicators was studied. As a result of the research, it was established that the piglets of the experimental groups, which were fed the supplement "Kostoprav" at a dose of 20 g / kg against the background of the main diet, for 21 days. feed and 30 g/1 kg feed contributed to an increase in the live weight of weaned pigs by 15.6 and 18.4 % than in the control. The blood parameters of the weaning pigs were within the physiological norm and in the third experimental group were accompanied by an increase in the level of erythrocytes by 17.6 %, calcium by 18.7 %, phosphorus by 16.7 %, sugar by 13.2 %, compared with the control. group. This indicates an improvement in the digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract and an increase in metabolic processes in the body. The use of the vitamin and mineral supplement "Kostoprav" contributed to an increase in the measurements of the body length in the 3rd experimental group by 2.3 %, chest girth by 3.3 %, height at the withers by 0.9 % than in the control group.

Morphometrics characterization in White Fulani, Muturu and Pasundan cows

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed to characterize three different cattle breeds based on the morphometrics.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (5) morphometrics which include body length (BL), chest girth (CG), withers height (WH), rump length (RL) and chest depth (CD) were measured in each animal. A total of 119 cows belonging to White Fulani (40 heads), Muturu (40 heads) and Pasundan (39 heads) were used in this study. The age of animal study was 20.93±1.62 months (White Fulani), 21.63±1.75 months (Muturu) and 20.46±2.99 months (Pasundan). Hence, two statistical methods of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods were computed in this study to characterize of animals based on their morphometrics using SPSS 16.0 package.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Mostly<strong> </strong>the morphometrics of White Fulani and Pasundan cows are similar while those of Muturu are significantly lower than the two other breeds. Four morphometric measurements of CG, RL, BL and WH were identified as a discriminator variables in animal study based on the CDA method. The CDA of morphometrics able to classify 85% (White Fulani), 100% (Muturu) and 74.4% (Pasundan) of the animal into their original breed group.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The closeness between observations from White Fulani and Pasundan might be due to them being both Zebu (<em>Bos indicus</em>) unlike the Muturu with a type breed of <em>Bos bracycheros</em>.<strong></strong></p>

​Effects of Rumen-protected Glucose Supplementation on Growth Performance, Body Measurements and Plasma Biochemical Indices of Fattening Chinese Simmental Bulls

Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected glucose (RPG) supplementation on growth performance, body measurements and plasma biochemical indices of Simmental bulls in Northeast China during the fattening period. Methods: A 90 d feedlot study was conducted using thirty Simmental bulls (body weight = 444.3±26.9 kg). Bulls were randomly allocated into three groups to receive a basal total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented daily with 0 g RPG (control, Con), 100 g RPG (RPG100) or 300 g RPG (RPG300) per bull. Growth performance, body measurements and plasma biochemical indices were evaluated. Result: The greater ADG (P less than 0.05) and lower feed efficiency value (P less than 0.01) were found for bulls fed RPG compared to CON diet. Bulls fed RPG had increased body height and chest girth growth compared with CON diet (P less than 0.05). The plasma glucose (GLC) concentration was higher for bulls fed RPG300 diet than CON and RPG100 diets (P less than 0.01). Nonestesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was lower for RPG compared with CON treatment (P less than 0.05). Our analysis suggests that a daily supplement of 300 g RPG is an effective way to increase the body’s total GLC provision and thus improve the growth performance of Simmental bulls during the fattening period.

Morphological characterization of Arab and Oromo goats in northwestern Ethiopia

Background An exploratory field research was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia, to characterize the morphological features of Arab and Oromo goat populations as an input to design community-based breeding programs. Ten qualitative and nine quantitative traits were considered from 747 randomly selected goats. All data collected during the study period were analyzed using R statistical software. Results Plain white coat color was predominantly observed in Arab goats (33.72%) while plain brown (deep and light) coat color was the most frequent in Oromo goats (27.81%). The morphometric measurements indicated that Oromo goats have significantly higher body weight and linear body measurements than Arab goats. Positive, strong and highly significant correlations were obtained between body weight and most of the body measurements in both goat populations. The highest correlation coefficients of chest girth with body weight for Arab (r = 0.95) and Oromo (r = 0.92) goat populations demonstrated a strong association between these variables. Live body weight could be predicted with regression equations of y = − 33.65 + 0.89 × for Arab goats (R2 = 90) and y = − 37.55 + 0.94 × for Oromo goats (R2 = 85), where y and x are body weight and chest girth, respectively, in these goat types. Conclusions The morphological variations obtained in this study could be complemented by performance data and molecular characterization using DNA markers to guide the overall goat conservation and formulation of appropriate breeding and selection strategies.

Disparities in the body, chest, and wing morphometric among three subspecies of local male chickens for genetic breeding

Local chickens in developing countries, including Indonesia, have great potential to be developed into natural superior breeds to support food security and improve farmer welfare. Meanwhile, the major endemic subspecies found in the Bengkulu province are burgo and kampung chicken, as well as ketarras which are recently bred intensively. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the disparities in the morphometrics of three subspecies of local male chickens specifically on the body weight, length, chest girth and length, as well as wing span. Based on the results, the male burgo chicken morphometrical size was significantly smaller than ketarras, while the ketarras chicken was significantly smaller than kampung (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the average body weights for the burgo, ketarras and kampung chicken were 1.0, 1.2 and 1.9 kg cock-1, respectively, while the average of body length, chest and chest length, as well as wing span were 29.9, 40.0, 47.7 cm cock-1; 26.2, 30.1, 36.3 cm cock-1; 12.6, 17.8, 20.3 cm cock-1, and 34.4, 41.9, 55.9 cm cock-1, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the burgo and kampung chicken have the smallest and biggest morphometric sizes respectively.

Use of body measurements to predict live body weight of Simmental bull in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center, West Java

This research aimed to evaluate the use of body measurements (chest girth (CG), body length (BL), and shoulder height (SH)) to predict live body weight (BW) of Simmental bulls in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center, West Java. This research was carried out in December 2019 using a survey method of which all Simmental bulls aged 1—12 years were used in this study. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple correlations and regression models using the R program. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between BW and body measurements, while to find the fittest and more parsimonious regression model we used determination coefficient (R2) and stepwise regression analysis as criteria of selection. The results showed that the average of BW, CG, BL, and SH were 814.54 ± 144.18 kg, 215.72 ± 16.50 cm, 170.13 ± 17.09 cm, and 142.79 ± 11.01 cm, respectively. The results of this study also indicated that CG, BL, and SH positively and significantly correlated with BW, with correlation value of 0.90, 0.85, and 0.79, respectively. Combination of CG, BL, and SH produced the highest correlations value (r = 0.92) with the fittest regression model for predicting BW, namely BW=-888.64 + 4.21*CG + 2.83*BL + 2.20*SH, with R2 of 0.86.

​Body Size Traits and Association with the Genetic Polymorphism of Melatonin Receptor 1A (MTNR1A) Gene in Shuxuan Cattle

Background: Shuxuan cattle is one newly cultivated dual-purpose breed in Sichuan province, China, by crossing the indigenous Xuanhan cattle with external breeds. Body sizes have been widely regarded as the important breed characteristics in cattle. The current study was aimed to evaluate the body sizes and its molecular inherite marker for futhure herd improvement. Methods: In the present study, we first investigated a total of 11 body size traits and their overall distribution and pairwise relationships of 169 healthy Shuxuan cattle. Subsequently, the SNP c.A455G of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene were genotyped among 169 Shuxuan cattle and subjected to association analysis with body size traits. Result: We revealed that adult females have the mean withers height of 113.5 cm, body length of 131.8 cm, chest girth of 157.5 cm and hip height of 104.8 cm, respectively. Among all these traits, the highest correlation was observed in withers height and hip height with spearman’s coefficient of 0.85. We found that Shuxuan cattle had an average heterozygosity of 0.5008 and polymorphism information content of 0.3747. Accordingly to the very stringent criterion of Bonferroni multiple adjustments, only chest width was associated with different genotypes of this candidate SNP (P less than 0.05). The results provide an overall profile of the morphological and growth characteristics in Shuxuan cattle.

Estimasi Nilai Heritabilitas Lingkar Dada dan Panjang Badan pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah di BPTU dan HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan

Evaluation in standardization really needs to be carried out, including whether the livestock is in accordance with the SNI vital statistics standard (Indonesian national standard). The purpose of the study was to estimate heritability and breeding values of body weight and vital statistics in Etawah Grade (PE) goats in BPTU and HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan. The material used were the performance records of 220 PE goats, offsprings of 35 males and 71 females. The variables measured were body length and chest girth at birth, weaning, and 1 year of age. Variance componenet were analyzed using variance analysisrade. Heritability was estimated using the paternal half-sib correlation method by applying SPSS software. Breeding value was estimated using the progeny test model. The highest breeding value on body length at birth, at weaning age and at 1 year of age were sire 3315 KK, sire 4093 OK, and sire 4007 OK, respectively. The highest breeding Value on chest girth at birth, weaning age and 1 year of age were sire 3983 HH, 3315 HH, and 3971 HH. The conclusion of this study were the heritability for body weight were categorized high and for statistic vital were varied from medium to high value.

Age dynamics of sexual dimorphism of anthropometric dimensions through the ascending period of ontogenesis from 1 month to 17 years (based on Moscow data)

The “model” sample is based on the data of Moscow preschool and school children aged 1-17 years, examined by the authors in 2005-06. The data on infants aged 1-12 months is collected on base of the archives of Moscow maternity hospitals and children’s hospitals in 2007-08. The quantitative estimation of the value of sexual dimorphism is based on Kullback divergence, the analogue of Makhalanobis distance. Results. For the total body dimensions (height, weight, chest girth) the pattern of dynamics of SD is similar. Through the first half of the infancy SD reaches 0.6-0.8 standard deviations. Further on SD decreases till minimal values of about 0.1-0.2 standard deviations at the age of 10-12 years. Up to 17 years, when boys experience yet active growth processes and outstrip the total body dimensions of girls, SD values increase. The values of biacromial diameter are slightly higher in boys as compared to girls through 1-13 years interval, further on SD increases to 2.3 standard deviations at 17 years of age. SD of biiliac diameter changes in a narrow corridor from -0.05 standard deviations at 11-15 years of age to 0.25 standard deviations at 6 and 17 years. The specificity of age dynamics of SD of subscapular skinfold is small negative values through the 1-12 years interval; after 12 years sexual differences increase significantly due to intensive accumulation of fat tissue in girls and reach -0.8 standard deviation up to 17 years of age. Conclusion. Age variability is the important factor of the dynamics of SD of somatic traits through the whole ontogenesis and reflects sex differences in the ratio of morphofunctional differentiation during ascending ontogenesis section. Final peculiarities of SD are formed mainly in the adolescent period of ontogenesis. Dynamics of SD has differences for total body dimensions, indices of transversal skeletal development and indices of adiposity, having different adaptive sense.

Phenotypic and Carcass Characterization of Hassan Sheep

Background: Hassan sheep is the third most populous breed of the five registered sheep breeds from Karnataka with limited studies on its morphological and carcass characteristics. Hence, the study was undertaken to know the present status of morphological and carcass characteristics of this breed. Methods: A total of 34 randomly selected flocks were surveyed and the data on various parameters were collected. The morphometrical data was collected on 344 sheep belonging to eight flocks from the breeding tract. The carcass characteristics were documented by slaughtering six male lambs (between nine to twelve months of age). Result: These sheep had varied coat colours viz. complete white (23.3%), white with light brown patches (58.1%) and white with black patches (18.6%) on head and neck region. It was observed that 40.4 per cent of males and only 1.4 per cent of females were horned. Atrophied ears were noticed in 2.3 per cent of these sheep. The average adult body length (cm), height at wither (cm), chest girth (cm), paunch (cm), ear length (cm), tail length (cm) and average adult body weight (kg) were 66.4±0.62, 65.03±1.45, 75.2±1.02, 76.5±1.38, 15.2±0.07, 11.5±0.07 and 32.7±2.03 in males and 63.8±0.85, 61.7±1.38, 71.8±2.32, 74.5±2.60, 15.0±0.34, 11.3±0.08 and 27.8±1.21 in females, respectively. The difference in body weight between males and females increased significantly over the age. The pre-slaughter weight (PSW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing percentage recorded were 20.3±1.42 Kg, 9.5±0.23 kg and 46.80 per cent, respectively.