Domestic experience in organization of mobile construction

The stages of formation of the mechanism of mobile construction and its role in solving major economic problems are considered. The article analyzes the effectiveness of mobile units in agricultural and water management, transport construction. The author emphasizes a fundamentally new approach to mobile construction using the complete-block method of construction of buildings and structures. As an example, the author reveals the experience of construction of the Astrakhan gas processing plant, which illustrates the synthesis of mobile methods of work organization and industrial space-planning solutions in the form of large blocks of technological equipment devices and installations. At the same time, specific engineering solutions for the preparatory period of construction, characteristics and composition of the residential settlement built in the process of pioneer development of the territory are given.

A Comprehensive View on Sustainable Housing Settlement/Neighborhood Formation and the Role of the Architect

The fact that humanity realized the damage it caused to the environment and expressed the situation in scientific meetings has led to the emphasis on the importance of sustainability and to determine the measures and targets to be taken. Considering the future, the measures to be taken and the systems to be implemented in the environment we live in to prevent environmental problems have great importance. The success of sustainability activities on a global scale is possible with the integration of sustainability studies at different scales by harmonizing with each other. The sustainability that will be provided at the residential settlement / neighborhood scale will greatly help to achieve success in urban areas too. The study will focus on examples of sustainable new settlements located outside the city, on the periphery of the city or within the city, as well as existing sustainable settlements that have been transformed and improved in the city. An evaluation will be made on the basis of which principles these settlements have been designed and implemented. In sustainable settlements, the role of the architect in the context of social dynamics will be questioned and inferences about where the architect is located in sustainable settlement design will be evaluated.

Housing Values and the Residential Settlement of Migrants: Zooming in on Neighbourhoods in Italian Provincial Capitals

This study looks at the relationship between housing values (prices and rents) and the residential settlement of migrants in different neighbourhoods in Italian provincial capitals. We exploit here the high spatial resolution dataset on the settlement of migrants developed within the Data for Integration (D4I) project. The D4I information on resident population characteristics was merged with a dataset on housing values for civilian and economic residential units using boundaries defined by local housing market characteristics. The results suggest that: (1) more diverse neighbourhoods are also those with relatively lower housing values; (2) the relationship between housing values and the concentration of migrants is non-linear; and (3) the sign and significance of the association varies significantly depending on the origin of migrants.

Archaic-Age Architecture in Northwest Colorado

Archaic-era hunter-gatherers in the Wyoming Basin—which extends across southwest Wyoming and northwest Colorado—built domed or conical architectural features, with some exhibiting far more substantial construction than others. These structures are often archaeologically preserved as large elliptical basins, defined by charcoal-stained sediment that filled habitation footprints after abandonment. Many of these basins, or house pits, are probably residential remains, although some may have had other uses. The recent discovery of 32 house pits in Colorado’s Yampa Valley in the Sand Wash Basin has expanded the regional dataset, increasing our understanding of Archaic-era lifeways in northwestern Colorado. These discoveries further demonstrate the highly variable nature of Archaic-era structures, reflecting the adaptability of a mobile lifestyle to a specific place and time. Archaic-era use of these features in northwest Colorado occurred between about 8100 and 3755 cal B.P., demonstrating the usefulness of such shelters across a wide range of climate regimes. The greatest numbers were built between 6800 and 6000 cal B.P., coinciding with the mid-Holocene thermal maximum, when the residential settlement pattern grew more restricted, centering on water, food, and shelter resources. As the warm, arid climate ameliorated after 5500 cal B.P., use of such shelters began to decrease, demonstrating a return to higher residential mobility with greater availability of resources in the cooler, wetter climate. A comparison of Yampa Valley house pits with northern Wyoming Basin house pits indicates that Archaic-era people utilized similar structures as part of a highly adaptable mobile lifestyle for thousands of years across the Wyoming Basin.

Archaic-Age Architecture in Northwest Colorado

Archaic-era hunter-gatherers in the Wyoming Basin—which extends across southwest Wyoming and northwest Colorado—built domed or conical architectural features, with some exhibiting far more substantial construction than others. These structures are often archaeologically preserved as large elliptical basins, defined by charcoal-stained sediment that filled habitation footprints after abandonment. Many of these basins, or house pits, are probably residential remains, although some may have had other uses. The recent discovery of 32 house pits in Colorado’s Yampa Valley in the Sand Wash Basin has expanded the regional dataset, increasing our understanding of Archaic-era lifeways in northwestern Colorado. These discoveries further demonstrate the highly variable nature of Archaic-era structures, reflecting the adaptability of a mobile lifestyle to a specific place and time. Archaic-era use of these features in northwest Colorado occurred between about 8100 and 3755 cal B.P., demonstrating the usefulness of such shelters across a wide range of climate regimes. The greatest numbers were built between 6800 and 6000 cal B.P., coinciding with the mid-Holocene thermal maximum, when the residential settlement pattern grew more restricted, centering on water, food, and shelter resources. As the warm, arid climate ameliorated after 5500 cal B.P., use of such shelters began to decrease, demonstrating a return to higher residential mobility with greater availability of resources in the cooler, wetter climate. A comparison of Yampa Valley house pits with northern Wyoming Basin house pits indicates that Archaic-era people utilized similar structures as part of a highly adaptable mobile lifestyle for thousands of years across the Wyoming Basin.

ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETY “TRAMVAYSHCHIK” IN ROSTOV-ON-DON

The article describes the planning structure and architecture of one of the first residential settlements built after the Civil War in Rostov-on-Don, the cooperative society “Tramvayshchik”. Step-by-step changes in Rostov occurred in the 1920s. Almost each architectural project of the mid-1920s is characterized by the traditional dependence on spatial planning, a regular development of residential settlements with buildings around the perimeter, with conventional differentiation of urban spaces into utilitarian and festive. It is demonstrated that planning solutions of the residential settlements are a combination of both traditional and popular principles of ribbon development with drastic urban decompaction and site landscaping. Planning of residential buildings is strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Neo-classical architecture. It is concluded that the construction site and the existing patterns of spatial and visual thinking are a sort of significant formative factors here; the residential settlements are a synthesis of the old and new traditions in architectural and urban development during the transition period of the mid-1920s.

ANCIENT ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT OF BELGOROD «USPENSKO-NICHOLAS CATHEDRAL” 1692–1703, – FIRST HALF OF THE XIX

This article highlights the history of construction the most ancient in the Belgorod region Russian Orthodox Uspensko-Nicholas Cathedral, which has survived to the present day. Bibliographic information relating to the history and time of church construction, erected in the era of Moscow baroque – a new style in the architecture of Moscow region of the late XVII – early XVIII centuries, is given. This style is characterized by consistency in the mass ratio, the pomp of white-stone decor, in which the ornamental and order elements of Western European baroque –- cartouches, “torn” pediments, columns and pilasters with plant capitals – are peculiarly interpreted. The location of the Cathedral is described. It is built in the former residential settlement Zhiloy, located to the west of Belgorod, constructed according to the general plan of 1768 by architect A.V. Kvasov after the fire of 1766. In addition, the modern urban situation of the cathedral’s location in the structure of modern urban development is presented. Historical planning frame is considered. The space-planning and space-spatial solution of the cathedral church in historical chronology, as well as constructive solutions of the cathedral’s octagon on cube, bell tower and two-column refectory, built in the first half of the XIX century, the decorative design of the facades and interiors are analyzed. The main construction stages of the church from its creation to the restoration works carried out in 2005 are considered. Strengthening and restoration on the preservation of cultural heritage are described. Cartographic material, plans building at different construction stages, archival and modern photographs of the exteriors and interiors, both during and after the restoration process, are given.