Tree shaping catalogs: formation and nature of garden chair applications

Purpose: Tree shaping catalog development of practical use: garden chair category; study of the ergonomic aspects of their design, calculation of the time for the formation of tree shaping objects with regard to the plant types. A deeper study of the formation of natural and artistic objects of architectural space, i.e., tree shaping.Design/methodology/approach: Ergonomic analysis, analysis of woody plants compositions in tree shaping, visual-anthropometric analysis, modeling, comparative analysis.Originality/value: 1. Proposed tree shaping catalogs in the category of garden chairs. These catalogs have no analogues in are Russia. 2. The selected woody plants of the West Siberian region, most adapted to humane correction of growth, with the ecological specification in accordance with the following parameters: gas resistance, growth rate, life cycle of a woody plant. 3. Diagrams are suggested for the garden chair dimensions (chair back height, seat width, chair leg height) depending on the woody plant (willow, Tatar maple, bird cherry).Findings: Many identified aspects are can be used in tree shaping: compositional complexity of tree shaping, woody plant type, growth characteristics, and the growing conditions.Practical implications: The obtained results can be used as in a deeper study of new approaches to the formation of open architectural spaces with plant materials.

Soil genetics in its complex stabilization

The problem of the inter-repair time of automobile roads in Russia can be solved by the reinforcing the subgrade soils with cement. Soil is a multicomponent system affecting the deformation and strength properties of the composition (cement and soil). The cement-soil composition has drawbacks, especially in seasonal freezing regions, which affects its durability.In order to increase the composition efficiency, the Nicoflok polymer-mineral additive is used to strengthen subgrade with cement. However, the influence of the type regional and genetic soil on strength properties of the cement-soil + Nicoflok composition is yet studied.The paper presents the factor analysis of the influence of soil genetics on the composition strength properties. The study of the multicomponent system includes the response surface of the soil genetics on the strength properties of the composition. Additional studies are required to move from the qualitative evaluation of the soil genetics on the composition (cement-soil + Nicoflok) to the quantitative evaluation. These studies must be carried out according to a single scheme, which regards the seasonal freezing of subgrade soils in the northern regions of European Russia and West Siberia.

Analysis of heat network testing methods

Purpose: Improvement of the heat network testing and data collection methods. The analysis of heat losses, hydraulic resistance, and data processing. The testing methods are considered from the point of view of the data correctness obtained during the data collection.Methodology: Heat network testing and the data processing analysis.Findings: The paper determines the need to adjust the heat network testing methods for thermal and hydraulic losses.Practical implications: The calculation inaccuracy is identified, and a set of measures is proposed to clarify the results obtained. The obtained data can be used to evaluate the heat network testing methods.Value: Regulatory documents and engineering requirements for heat network testing of resource-supplying organizations are insufficient since they do not allow for the use of modern control methods and measuring equipment.

Reinforced concrete beams on yielding supports with thrust under dynamic load

Reinforced concrete beam with limited horizontal displacement on yielding supports under dynamic loading require considering the thrust response. The thrust presence significantly increases the beam strength and crack resistance. The use of yielding supports increases their energy intensity. The purpose of the paper is the experimental study of using yielding supports under the dynamic load conditions. The experimental results concern the reinforced concrete beam with yielding supports with a thrust under the dynamic load. The paper shows the effect from yielding supports on the strength, deformability, and crack resistance of reinforced concrete beams. The obtained results indicate to a positive effect form the use of yielding supports of the beam under the dynamic load.

Smart city development as a driver of efficiency reorganization and improvement of cities

Purpose: The aim of this work is to show how smart cities can drive the reorganization and efficiency of existing cities.Design/methodology/approach: The paper describes modern achievements in the field of a smart city, the latest achievements of cities and technological solutions they introduce. The paper analyzes when and why this concept appears, development stages and prospects of this concept. The world problems of the urbanization process in new territories and ways to solve them.Research findings: The paper considers relevant reports and studies highlighting the problems and solutions of urbanization and the ecological situation in cities, the negative impact on the environment.Practical implications: One of the ways to solve such problems is the implementation of a set of solutions included in the smart city concept. How modern technological solutions and large data volume assist in the communal and economic resource management, overcome environmental challenges of today and make the city more accessible to its residents. How historical cities can actively integrate and improve urban environment with minimal intervention.Originality/value: Attempts are made to answer whether cities need to become smart, what the consequences may be. As a consequence of emerging issues, many problem must be discussed in future research.

Quantitative assessment of renovation of “Petmol” plant in Saint-Petersburg

The standardized harmful effect of industrial production on buildings is one of the reasons for the plant withdrawal to the outskirts. The paper examines a particular case of renovation of the urban industrial area for residential commercial development. The energy consumption, environmental pollution, demographic burden, drains. and other indicators are analyzed. The calculation results show that restrained urban conditions can surpass the industrial in terms of the negative impact on the environment, and therefore renovation leads to an increase in resource consumption and deterioration of the environmental situation. Air monitoring data are used to confirm the correctness of the calculations.

Settlement system in the Angara coastal area in the 17th21st centuries in terms of strategic planning

One of the fundamental urban planning tasks is currently a study of the settlement system properties. In Russian and foreign historical and urban planning science, settlement is studied according to the hierarchical location of settlements. Small and medium-sized settlements are considered as elementary lower units of large cities, their structure and formation processes are not studied. Accordingly, they are rarely considered in elaborating strategic programs of the regional development. The paper proposes the urban retrospective method, which provides a deep and large-scale analysis of the settlement system in the coastal area of the Angara River.Research is based on the cartographic sources developed by governmental institutions whose the activity depends on statistical data. Here belong Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Railways. The comparative analysis of the sources provides modeling and identification of the settlement system with respect to small settlements in the coastal area of the Angara River in different periods. Significant results include the quantitative data on small settlements, since they are not interesting to urban planners of today.

Minusinsk architecture formation affected by local merchants in the 1920th centuries

Purpose: The aim of this work is to describe the architecture of Minusinsk, a small Siberian town, in line with the interests of the local merchants. The paper is relevant because of the low level of knowledge of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns in Siberia and the problems of preserving their cultural heritage.Methodology/approach: The related literature review, comparative analysis of the architecture and systems structural analysis of information. Theoretical works of scholars, historians and architects and the author’s literature and materials.Practical implications: The obtained results can be used for preparation of lectures and reports on the history of Siberian architecture. Preservation and efficient use of merchant buildings will contribute to the improvement of the city status and the development of its tourist attractiveness.Originality/value: The study of historical and cultural heritage of Minusinsk, a large merchant capital with mansion construction and industrial and commercial buildings.Findings: Minusinsk is of great interest as a historical merchant city. In the old city, there are numerous wooden and brick buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They locate in central streets and squares of the old city and have specific appearance.

Noncontinuous noise calculated by room response function determined by experimental data

Purpose: Experimental determination of the response room function and its use to estimate the acoustic conditions in rooms with noncontinuous noise sources.Methodology/approach: The detailed parameter calculation of noncontinuous sound fields using the response room function, which is the room response to pulse excitation. The response function can be calculated by analytical or numerical methods and by experimental measurements in production conditions the energy attenuation when a constant noise source is switched off.Findings: Noncontinuous noise has a negative impact on health. The effective noise reduction is determined by the complete and accurate analysis of its energy parameters. The noncontinuous noise estimation based on equivalent levels does not meet the requirements, especially when pulsed noise sources are active. The experimental technique is proposed for the response function calculation and its use in evaluating the noise conditions in rooms with noncontinuous noise sources.Practical implications: The experimental determination of the response function to pulse excitation allows studying the acoustic processes in rooms for the formation of noise conditions when analytical methods cannot be used. The experimentally obtained response function makes it possible to solve problems of changing the noise conditions in rooms with noncontinuous noise sources.

Business model of lowrise construction development

The paper considers the problems of affordable housing market, construction quality improvement with the introduction of saving technologies, modern materials for comfortable living conditions for citizens through the housing policy to solve important socio-economic problems.The aim of this work is to develop new regional programs for low-rise construction, which will contribute to an increase in the volume of low-rise construction under commission, improvement of quality and living conditions, compliance with the requirements for energy efficiency and accessibility in remote areas of specific climatic conditions for certain categories of citizens employed in socially significant industries.The proposed approach to the regional program development of low-rise construction will increase its efficiency of regional strategic planning through the interaction between the subjects of the program implementation based on the formation of base and variable models of the business mechanism of low-rise construction. Using this approach, certain categories of citizens employed in socially significant industries will be provided with inexpensive, comfortable and energy-efficient houses in remote regions with specific climatic conditions.