ESTIMATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF MICROBIOTES OF PERIIMPLANT FURROWS IN THE PROCESS OF OSTEOINTEGRATION OF DENTAL IMPLANTS

Background. The necessity of studying the microbiota of the oral cavity, as one of the main causes of complications after the installation of dental implants, is considered. In the dynamics of osseointegration of dental implants (1-6-12 months), a study was made of the species and quality composition of the microbiota of peri-implant and gingival furrows. Objectives ― to study the composition of microbiota in the gingival sulcus of an adjacent healthy tooth and the peri-implant sulcus of the implant in the process of osseointegration of dental implants. Methods. A microbiological study of the composition of the microbiota of the studied biotopes — the peri-implant sulcus and gingival sulcus of an adjacent healthy tooth in the process of osseointegration of dental implants in 83 patients was carried out. The total number of bacteria was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. 1 month after the installation of dental implants and fixation of the Treponema denticola gingival former in the samples from the gingival sulcus of the tooth was 16.03 %, and the number of Tannerella forsythensis was 5.52 % higher than in the samples from the peri-implant sulcus. After 6 months, the total bacterial mass in the peri-implant sulcus was 12.7 % less. The amounts of Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythensis and Porphyromorans gingivalis in the peri-implant groove decreased by 2.9, 6.1, 5.2 and 11.6 %, respectively. After 12 months, a statistically significant decrease in Porphyromorans gingivalis was observed 2.7 times (p <0.01) and 2.6 times (p <0.01), respectively, in the peri-implant and gingival sulcus. Conclusions. In the process of osseointegration of dental implants, the total bacterial mass (p <0.01), Porphyromorans gingivalis (p <0.01) decreased dynamically, statistically significantly, the number of Tannerella forsythensis increased (p <0.05). Also dynamically, but slightly, a decrease in Candida albicans was observed. After 12 months, an accumulation of Prevotella intermediaries was observed at the implantation sites.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the main systemic antibiotics at the first stage of treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis

Relevance: the aims of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the use of various systemic antibiotics in patients with aggressive generalized periodontitis. A comparative study of systemic antibiotic therapy using modern molecular biological methods is important in modern periodontology.Materials and methods: a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 112 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis before and after using systemic antibiotics with real-time PCR (GE/ml) of major periodontal pathogens. The median was chosen as a quantitative measure of central tendency. Upper and lower quartiles were used for interval estimation.Results: moxifloxacin is most effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis (median 102,1 GE/ml) and Tannerella forsythensis (median 103,7 GE/ml). Also effective and reliably suppressed Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola when lincomycin was used (medians 103,2, 102,7 GE/ml).Conclusion: the most effective systemic antibiotics are moxifloxacin and lincomycin, which significantly reduced the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola in periodontal pockets.

Optimization of the terms of supportive periodontal therapy using photoactivated disinfection

Relevance: to indentify if periodontal treatment which is presented by photoactivated disinfection (PAD) adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better outcomes than ozone therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.Materials and methods: we examined 57 (mean age 49,3 ± 1,02) patients with chronic periodontitis, divided into groups, SRP + PAD, SRP + ozone therapy and SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to DNA extraction and real time PCR amplifcation for detection Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The amount of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bleeding on probing were measured at baseline, after 40, 90 and 180 days.Results: the results in groups of PAD+SRP and ozone therapy+SRP showed an improvement in all clinical parameters PI, BOP, PD, CAL and the quantity of Pg, Td and Tf compared to the control group during an observation period.Conclusion: the results showed additional benefts from PAD and ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment to SRP for patients of chronic periodontitis.

The presence of periopathogenic bacteria in subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques – An age related comparative analysis

Introduction: There is a known connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis and the presence of periopathogens in blood vessels. However, changes of the oral microflora related to the aging process and its possible effects on atherosclerosis, have yet to be analyzed. The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in the frequency of periodontal bacteria in the subgingival plaque and in atherosclerotic blood vessels of patients with atherosclerosis. Methodology:The study included 100 patients with atherosclerosis and periodontitis, divided into two groups, below and over 60 years of age. Clinical examinations were performedand subgingival plaque specimens were collected as well as biopsy specimens from the following arteries: coronary (34), carotid (29), abdominal (10), femoral (10), mammary (13) and iliac (4). Subgingival and artery specimens were subjected to PCR detection of 5 major periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf) and Treponema denticola (Td). Results:Tf was the most and Td the least frequent bacteria in both age groups and in both types of samples. The frequencies of bacteria in subgingival versus atherosclerotic samples were: Tf (76%:53%), Pi (71%:31%), Pg (60%:38%), Aa (39%:14%) and Td (21%:6%). Only Aa and Pi showed a significant difference of prevalence between younger and older patients. The most colonized artery was a. coronaria, followed by a. carotis, a. abdominalis, a. mammaria, and a. femoralis. Conclusions: Patient’s age and the distance of a given blood vessel from the oral cavity influenced microbiological findings in the atherotic plaque.

Identification of Bacteria Involved in Periodontal Disease Using Molecular Biology Techniques

Periodontal disease is progressive and episodic in nature, with tissue destruction resulting from the host response to bacterial antigens and irritants.This study aimed to evaluate the genotype of a certain group of pathogen agents. In order to to this we used a total of 45 patients with PAG included in the epidemiological analyzes with a mean age of 34.7 Four samples were collected from the subgingival plaque from each patient, a total of 224 samples of dental plaques were investigated. All samples were tested for the presence of Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. We found that patients had a large number of pockets colonized by Tannerella forsythensis gingivalis (88.6%) Porphyromonas gingivalis (59%) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (25%). The data of this study support the evidence Tannerella forsythensis as a periodontopatogen and confirmed a strong association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in aggressive periodontitis and support previous findings that generalized aggressive periodontitis are associated with more complex microbiota.

Microbial Leakage at the Implant-Abutment Connection Due to Implant Insertion Maneuvers: Cross-Sectional Study 5 Years Postloading in Healthy Patients

The aim of this study was to test if stress on the prosthetic connection during insertion maneuvers can induce micro-warping at the implant connection. From September 2011 to July 2013, patients with implants loaded for at least 5 years that were placed with 2 different insertion implant mounters—MP (conventional) and ME (mountless)—were selected from all of those who had received dental implant therapy in the past and were attending routine check-up or spontaneous visits during the study period. Samples were obtained from inside the connection and the abutment surface using absorbent sterile paper tips. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for total bacterial counts and loads of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Candida albicans (Ca). The analysis of variance test was used to test for differences. Nine patients (20 implants) were included in the MP group and 5 patients (10 implants) in the ME group. Regarding the red complex, Tf was seen in 80% and 30% of MP and ME implants, respectively (P &lt; .001). Significant differences were also found in microbial load. For Td, proportions were 45% vs 10% (P = .022), with no significant differences at load levels. Regarding the orange complex, higher prevalence values were found in MP implants, although differences were nonsignificant. Microbial load levels for orange complex bacteria were higher for MP than ME, and these differences were statistically significant for Fn (4.94 vs 3.09; P = .001). Finally, Ec was detected only in the MP group, and Ca and Aa were not found in either group. Within its limitation (small sample size, retrospective analysis, indirect measurement method), the present study suggests that a mounter not affecting the prosthetic connection should be used to reduce microbial contamination of implants.

Identificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de microorganismos presentes en las infecciones orofaciales odontogénicas

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la presencia de las bacterias, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis y Treponema denticola, denominado complejo rojo; en grupo de tres, en parejas o sola una especie, presentes en las infecciones orofaciales odontogénicas (IOFO), mediante el método de la Reacción de la Polimerasa Reversa (PCR), en las muestras de abscesos de los pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Odontoestomatologia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia y a la Clínica Estomatológica Central de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Se obtuvieron 35 muestras, en ninguna de ellas se identificó el complejo bacteriano integrado por P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis y T. denticola. La asociación entre P. gingivalis y el T. forsythensis fue la más frecuente con un 5,71%. Al menos uno de los integrantes del complejo bacteriano estuvo presente en el 48,57% (17 de 35) muestras. La P. gingivalis es la bacteria más prevalente del complejo bacteriano con el 40% (14 de 35) muestras, seguido de la T. forsythensis en un 11,43% (4 de 35) muestras. La P. gingivalis se identificó en un 42,86% (6 de 14) muestras del género femenino y 38,1% (8 de 21) muestras del género femenino. Este estudio ha demostrado por medio de la prueba de PCR, la prevalencia de tres especies bacterianas presentes en las infecciones orofaciales odontogénicas. Aunque la etiología de estos procesos es multifactorial, es muy importante considerar los resultados de este estudio para el manejo racional de las infecciones.

Clinical and microbiological effects of the initial periodontal therapy

Introduction. Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, primarily caused by Gram-negative microorganisms. Thus, the primary objective of cause-related initial periodontal therapy is disruption and removal of the subgingival biofilm. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the initial therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Methods. Forty patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. As a part of the clinical assessment undertaken prior to the initial therapy, as well as one month and three months post-therapy, plaque index, gingival index, papilla bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Microbiological testing was performed prior to the initial therapy and three months after therapy. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Results. All clinical parameters were significantly reduced after therapy. The prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was reduced by 22.5%, which was a statistically significant decrease compared to the baseline. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Prevotella intermedia tended to decrease after therapy; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. The results of the present study demonstrated the beneficial effects of the initial periodontal therapy on both the clinical and microbiological parameters.