Corporate Governance in the Digital Economy

The task of organizing corporate governance of groups of business systems that carry out industrial activities in the Industry 4.0 paradigm and are focused on a single market segment is considered. The subjects of governance are defined as residents of corporate business relations (stakeholders) who provide management or action the business as an investor, owner, lender, etc. The objects of governance are defined as business systems and their groups (business complexes, State corporations) formed as a result of institutional and infrastructural transformations in the primary and aggregated parts of industry. The innovative component (subject), corresponding to the globalization of economic and digitalization of business processes, introduced an information system into the management channel that performs modeling and evaluating the effectiveness of corporate business relations in a virtual environment using digital twins of governance objects. Digital twins are the information components of a virtual corporation deployed on a platform of a decentralized ecosystem. The criterion for the quality of governance is the effectiveness of the corporation, formed in a balanced space of parameters relevant to financial and production indicators. The technology is described and the scheme of the corporate governance system is presented, which complementarily combines the action of business management systems and artificial intelligence (scheduler) of the virtual environment on the groups. It is proposed to extend the mechanisms of corporate governance to the business relations of the parties regulated in the digital institutional environment by electronic procedures.

Question Difficulty Estimation Based on Attention Model for Question Answering

This paper addresses a question difficulty estimation of which goal is to estimate the difficulty level of a given question in question-answering (QA) tasks. Since a question in the tasks is composed of a questionary sentence and a set of information components such as a description and candidate answers, it is important to model the relationship among the information components to estimate the difficulty level of the question. However, existing approaches to this task modeled a simple relationship such as a relationship between a questionary sentence and a description, but such simple relationships are insufficient to predict the difficulty level accurately. Therefore, this paper proposes an attention-based model to consider the complicated relationship among the information components. The proposed model first represents bi-directional relationships between a questionary sentence and each information component using a dual multi-head co-attention, since the questionary sentence is a key factor in the QA questions and it affects and is affected by information components. Then, the proposed model considers inter-information relationship over the bi-directional representations through a self-attention model. The inter-information relationship helps predict the difficulty of the questions accurately which require reasoning over multiple kinds of information components. The experimental results from three well-known and real-world QA data sets prove that the proposed model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art and pre-trained language model baselines. It is also shown that the proposed model is robust against the increase of the number of information components.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION CONNECTOR IN PROVIDING ECONOMIC GROWTH PRODUCTION SPHERE

Исследовано влияние человекоцентричного ресурса на инновационные преобразования в обществе и бизнесе на основе проницаемости информационных воздействий, затрагивающих поведенческие и мотивационно-эмоциональные механизмы человека. Идентификация состояния информационных компонентов, составляющих смысл и содержание регулирующих и управленческих импульсов, модулируемых различными участниками рынка из разных источников, необходима для оценки состояния имеющихся противоречий между разными субъектами маркетингово-коммуникационного пространства социально-экономической системы и их разрешения. Обозначены различные аспекты влияния информационной среды на решение проблем экономического роста и укрепления конкурентоспособности субъектов бизнеса в производственной сфере. Аргументировано повышение значимости категорий «ложь», «правда» и «доверие» на формирование моделей устойчивого экономического роста и позитивных инновационных преобразований в системообразующих сферах экономики, в том числе пищевой промышленности. Показано, что создаваемые субъектами производственной сферы информационно-коммуникационные платформы на базе виртуализации социально-экономического пространства требуют ужесточения контроля за информационными потоками и используемым для воздействия на различные целевые аудитории рекламно-маркетинговым инструментарием для недопущения искажения реальной картины мира, деформации рыночных отношений и формирования условий для активизации человекоцентричного ресурса на укрепление тренда позитивных инновационных изменений и социального благосостояния. Предложена модель управления экономическим ростом бизнеса посредством включения информационно-коммуникационного коннектора для активизации позитивных инновационных преобразований в производственной сфере, в которой он наделяется свойствами инструмента повышения доверия потребителей к модулируемым информационным сигналам в развивающихся коммуникационных полях. The influence of a human-centered resource on innovative transformations in society and business is indicated on the basis of the permeability of information influences affecting the behavioral and motivational-emotional mechanisms of a person. Identification of the state of information components that make up the meaning and content of regulatory and managerial impulses modulated by various market participants from different sources is necessary to assess the state of existing contradictions between different subjects of the marketing and communication space of the socio-economic system and their resolution. Various aspects of the influence of the information environment on solving the problems of economic growth and strengthening the competitiveness of business entities in the production sector are identified. The author argues for increasing the importance of the categories «lie», «truth» and «trust» for the formation of models of sustainable economic growth and positive innovative transformations in the system-forming spheres of the economy (including in the food industry).The information and communication platforms created by the subjects of the industrial sphere on the basis of virtualization of the socio-economic space require stricter control over information flows and advertising and marketing tools used to influence various target audiences in the interests of preventing distortion of the real picture of the world, deformation of market relations and the formation of conditions for activating a human-centered resource to strengthen the trend of positive innovative changes and social welfare. The model of business economic growth management is proposed by including an information and communication connector to activate positive innovative transformations in the production sector, in which it is endowed with the properties of a tool for increasing consumer confidence in modulated information signals in developing communication fields.

Devising a conceptual method for generating cryptocompression codograms of images without loss of information quality

Along with the widespread use of digital images, an urgent scientific and applied issue arose regarding the need to reduce the volume of video information provided it is confidential and reliable. To resolve this issue, cryptocompression coding methods could be used. However, there is no method that summarizes all processing steps. This paper reports the development of a conceptual method for the cryptocompression coding of images on a differentiated basis without loss of information quality. It involves a three-stage technology for the generation of cryptocompression codograms. The first two cascades provide for the generation of code structures for information components while ensuring their confidentiality and key elements as a service component. On the third cascade of processing, it is proposed to manage the confidentiality of the service component. The code values for the information components of nondeterministic length are derived out on the basis of a non-deterministic number of elements of the source video data in a reduced dynamic range. The generation of service data is proposed to be organized in blocks of initial images with a dimension of 16×16 elements. The method ensures a decrease in the volume of source images during the generation of cryptocompression codograms, by 1.14–1.58 times (12–37 %), depending on the degree of their saturation. This is 12.7‒23.4 % better than TIFF technology and is 9.6‒17.9 % better than PNG technology. The volume of the service component of cryptocompression codograms is 1.563 % of the volume of the source video data or no more than 2.5 % of the total code stream. That reduces the amount of data for encryption by up to 40 times compared to TIFF and PNG technologies. The devised method does not introduce errors into the data in the coding process and refers to methods without loss of information quality.

Interactive Evolution of Multidimensional Information in Social Media for Public Emergency: A Perspective from Optics Scattering

Most of the current research on the information analysis of social media (SM) for public emergency focused on a single dimension such as emotion while neglecting the interaction between multidimensional information. Therefore, in this study, an information dispersing–superimposing model is proposed to explain the implicit regularity of the impact within a symbol, sentiment, and context information and their dependent evolution on the SM. Information hue, saturation, and flux (HSF) are defined to measure the interaction process. An online event was selected to verify the concept and hypothesis of this study. The results proved that the interaction among multidimensional information did exist on the SM for a public emergency. The turning points of information dispersing–superimposing often emerged when the number of online users involved had significant changes, and sentiment and context information were showed to have a strong interaction relationship and tended to be spread at the same time. It was also manifested that the dominant information component was varied at each stage of the emergency. This paper is one of the first to study the interaction of multidimensional information on the SM derived from optics scattering. The findings of the study will try to provide a theoretical explanation for why certain information components may be enhanced during the online dissemination and suggest practical support for the information predictions and interface design for SM.

Development of the method for encoding service data in cryptocompression image representation systems

The demand for image confidentiality is constantly growing. At the same time, ensuring the confidentiality of video information must be organized subject to ensuring its reliability with a given time delay in processing and transmission. Methods of cryptocompression representation of images can be used to solve this problem. They are designed to simultaneously provide compression and protection of video information. The service component is used as the key of the cryptocompression transformation. However, it has a significant volume. It is 25 % of the original video data volume. A method for coding systems of service components in a differentiated basis on the second cascade of cryptocompression representation of images has been developed. The method is based on the developed scheme of data linearization from three-dimensional coordinates of representation in a two-dimensional matrix into a one-dimensional coordinate for one-to-one representation of this element in a vector. Linearization is organized horizontally line by line. On the basis of the developed method, a non-deterministic number of code values of information components is formed. They have non-deterministic lengths and are formed on a non-deterministic number of elements. The uncertainty of positioning of cryptocompression codograms in the general code stream is provided, which virtually eliminates the possibility of their unauthorized decryption. The method provides a reduction in the volume of the service component of the cryptocompression codogram. The service data volume is 6.25 % of the original video data volume. The method provides an additional reduction in the volume of cryptocompression representation of images without loss of information quality relative to the original video data on average from 1.08 to 1.54 times, depending on the degree of their saturation

System technologies for the formation of a data control contour for the personal account of an applicant based on the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform

The article considers the actual information technologies of the organization of a component distributed system for the distance enrollment of applicants within the framework of the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform. The concept of a modified component architecture of interaction with a web contour is proposed, which implementing the module of dynamic designing of web contour interface, as well as the automated functionality of data management directly on the standard 1C software products. The system principles for the organization of the contour of the website “Personal account of an applicant” have been formulated, they allow to integrate the management of the web contour into the circulation software solutions both for higher education (1C:University PROF) and for secondary vocational education (1C:College PROF) in terms of mechanisms for the dynamic designing of interfaces and the contour of data processing of site users. The implemented contour of designing site interfaces allows you to dynamically change the components of the site’s web forms, as well as to define the details displayed in the web user interface. A description of the mechanisms of dynamic interaction of the interfaces of the “Personal account of an applicant” site with the dynamic data management contour within the framework of the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform is given. The information components of the interaction contour of the site interfaces have been determined. The elements of the site control contour and their purpose have been specified. A conceptual universal scheme for the development of a web based data moderating contour has been formulated, and technologies for interaction with an internal accounting system for automating an admission campaign have been determined.

THEORETICAL DIMENSION OF THE INFORMATION-DIGITAL ECONOMY: INFORMATION ACTIVITY AND THE SYSTEM OF THE DERIVED INFORMATION PHENOMENA (PRODUCTS)

The main types (subtypes) of the information activity and their results – the derived information products as the phenomena have been characterized. Information activity is represented as the controversial unity of peculiarly information and associate information components. Production, distributing, exchange, and consumer associate information activity, their individual attributes, and also the main types of derived information products as their result have been characterized. Representative, materializing, and processing subtypes are separated in the production associate information activity. The arrangement, functional-specific variation, and development of derived information products have been defined in the last subtype. The ideal and materialized derived information products have been distinguished as the special presentation forms of primary information products. The main types (subtypes) of ideal and materialized information products, in particular syntactic (text, digital, graphic, audial); semantic (signal, report, data, bulletin, announcement); continual-discrete (continual, discrete, continual-discrete) and their interrelations as well have been reviewed. Special features of distributing, exchange, and consumer associate information activity, their interaction with the production activity and with each other have been defined. Considering that and taking into account the place of information activity and its types in public production four forms of information economy (IE) have been defined. IE of the I form is the area of exclusively information activity; IE of the II form includes IE of the I form and the production of the information activity attributes in the other economic sectors; IE of the II form makes IE of the III form together with economic activity which attributes are the information products; in the IE of the IV form along with the IE of the II form all types of the economic activity are featured in which at least one of the information activity attribute is used.

Data support of ship’s control system

В статье проводится анализ возможных ситуаций, которые могут стать причиной аварий и катастроф на водном транспорте и уменьшение которых возможно за счет увеличения информационных составляющих при формировании управления. Показано, что одной из причин формирования внештатных ситуаций у речных судов и морских, в прибрежных условиях плавания, может быть изменение динамических свойств объекта управления при изменении состояния внешней среды. Неучет этого фактора ведет к недостаточному информационному обеспечению авторулевого в системе «судно – авторулевой». Обосновывается введение в формуляр маневренных характеристик судна дополнительной информации о его динамических особенностях: возможных максимальных значений углов перекладки рулевых органов, меньше которых реакция судна на изменение управления может быть непредсказуема; размере и расположении областей пониженной управляемости объекта (которые могут появиться при некоторых сочетаниях состояния внешней среды, значения координат состояния судна и управления). Данные динамические особенности существенно зависят от конструкции корпуса судна, скорости перекладки рулевых органов, состояния внешней среды (глубины судового хода,) и должны учитываться при разработке алгоритма управления. This article analyzes the situations, which can cause accidents and catastrophes on water transport, and which reduction is possible due to increase of information components at formation of control. It is shown that one of the factors of formation of emergency situations at river and sea vessels, in coastal conditions of navigation, can be variability of object dynamics at change of external environment condition and insufficient information support of the automatic control device. Additional information: possible maximal values of steering angles, less than which the reaction of the vessel to changes in control may be unpredictable; size and location of areas of low controllability of the object. These dynamic features significantly depend on the state of the environment and should be taken into account when developing the control algorithm.

Common Information Components Analysis

Wyner’s common information is a measure that quantifies and assesses the commonality between two random variables. Based on this, we introduce a novel two-step procedure to construct features from data, referred to as Common Information Components Analysis (CICA). The first step can be interpreted as an extraction of Wyner’s common information. The second step is a form of back-projection of the common information onto the original variables, leading to the extracted features. A free parameter γ controls the complexity of the extracted features. We establish that, in the case of Gaussian statistics, CICA precisely reduces to Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), where the parameter γ determines the number of CCA components that are extracted. In this sense, we establish a novel rigorous connection between information measures and CCA, and CICA is a strict generalization of the latter. It is shown that CICA has several desirable features, including a natural extension to beyond just two data sets.