Commutativity of the Haagerup tensor product and base change for operator modules

By computing the completely bounded norm of the flip map on the Haagerup tensor product [Formula: see text] associated to a pair of continuous mappings of locally compact Hausdorff spaces [Formula: see text], we establish a simple characterization of the Beck-Chevalley condition for base change of operator modules over commutative [Formula: see text]-algebras, and a descent theorem for continuous fields of Hilbert spaces.

Theoretical Analysis for Using Pulsed Heating Power in Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy of Breast Cancer

In magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used to generate heat in an alternating magnetic field to destroy cancerous cells. This field can be continuous or pulsed. Although a large amount of research has been devoted to studying the efficiency and side effects of continuous fields, little attention has been paid to the use of pulsed fields. In this simulation study, Fourier’s law and COMSOL software have been utilized to identify the heating power necessary for treating breast cancer under blood flow and metabolism to obtain the optimized condition among the pulsed powers for thermal ablation. The results showed that for small source diameters (not larger than 4 mm), pulsed powers with high duties were more effective than continuous power. Although by increasing the source domain the fraction of damage caused by continuous power reached the damage caused by the pulsed powers, it affected the healthy tissues more (at least two times greater) than the pulsed powers. Pulsed powers with high duty (0.8 and 0.9) showed the optimized condition and the results have been explained based on the Arrhenius equation. Utilizing the pulsed powers for breast cancer treatment can potentially be an efficient approach for treating breast tumors due to requiring lower heating power and minimizing side effects to the healthy tissues.

Fields of locally compact quantum groups: Continuity and pushouts

We prove that discrete compact quantum groups (or more generally locally compact, under additional hypotheses) with coamenable dual are continuous fields over their central closed quantum subgroups, and the same holds for free products of discrete quantum groups with coamenable dual amalgamated over a common central subgroup. Along the way we also show that free products of continuous fields of [Formula: see text]-algebras are again free via a Fell-topology characterization for [Formula: see text]-field continuity, recovering a result of Blanchard’s in a somewhat more general setting.

Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Gliomas

In the present study, important parameters like frequency distribution of Gliomas, age group of Glioma patients, common sex involved, commonest site of occurrence, clinical presentations, radiological histopathological correlation, p16INK4a expression of the glial tumors are compared with other similar studies. The aim is to find out common age group of Glioma occurrence and it includes higher grades of Astrocytomas. The present study focuses on common symptoms such as head ache, histopathologial correlation and common tumor etc and to study the Histomorphology of Gliomas to evaluate p16INK4a expression in Gliomas to correlate the p16INK4a expression with the WHO grading of Gliomas. Various parameters like age, sex, site, clinical symptoms, radiological correlation and WHO Grading were analysed.p16 IHC was expressed as positive and negative according to its nuclear staining of >25% cells in 10 continuous fields in 40x and it was found that p16 expression was Positive in all Grade 1 Astrocytoma, 3 out of 5 Grade II Astrocytoma and only in one Grade IV Glioblastoma. p16 expression was negative in 2 Grade II Astrocytomas and in 17 Grade IV Gioblastomas and in 2 cases of Myxopapillary Ependymoma.

What do ‘peripersonal space measures’ really reflect? The action field perspective

The magnitude of a large number of behavioural and neurophysiological measures depends on the proximity between an individual and environmental objects. This relationship has led to the concept of peripersonal space (PPS). Here we argue that the proximity-dependence of such PPS measures could arise as a result of calculating the relevance of actions that aim to create or avoid contact with objects in the world. This perspective, supported by the interactive behaviour framework of systems-level brain function, allows us to describe PPS as a set of continuous fields reflecting contact-related action relevance. The action relevance perspective gets rid of incorrect notions about PPS, such as it being a single in-or-out zone that mainly reflects the spatial distance between objects and the body. This reconceptualization incorporates PPS into mainstream theories of action selection and behaviour. Furthermore, the formal comparison of this framework to others shows that contact-action value allows for a more complete description of PPS measures than proximity coding, impact prediction, and multisensory integration do, while simultaneously explaining the relationship between those concepts and PPS measures.

Possibilities of transdimensional inversion for estimating deep Earth velocity and mantle structure

<p>Commonly, the physical properties of the Earth (e.g., velocity, density) are parameterized as continuous fields. The most popular representation are grids and basis functions like spherical harmonics or splines. In an inversion context it is quite common that not all the parameters are fully constrained by the available inputdata. This relates to the common issues of insufficient resolution, incomplete coverage, and trade-offs due tonon-uniqueness. By applying some form of regularization to the inverse problem, a well-behaved and unique solution can be obtained, but this solution depends on the details of the chosen regularization.</p><p>Transdimensional approaches address the regularization problem by using a model representation with a variable number of parameters. The number of parameters is adjusted according to the requirements of the input data using the reversible jump Monte Carlo Markov Chain (rj-MCMC) algorithm. The output is an ensemble of variable resolution models that provides insight into the required model complexity and trade-offbetween parameters.</p><p>Here, I present synthetic tests from a joint inversion of satellite gravity gradients and normal modes for the Earth's velocity and density structure. The mantle's seismic velocity and density inside a 2-D spherical annulus are described by a variable number of discrete anomalous volumes, each with a variable size, shape, location and strength of velocity and density anomaly. The discrete anomalies are adjusted using the transdimensional approach in order to fit the gravity and normal mode data. This synthetic example shows promising results, because the synthetic model can recovered reasonably well.</p>

Assessing MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields tree cover product (collection 6): performance and applicability in tropical forests and savannas

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer vegetation continuous fields (MODIS VCF) Earth observation product is widely used to estimate forest cover changes, parameterise vegetation and Earth System models, and as a reference for validation or calibration where field data is limited. However, although limited independent validations of MODIS VCF have shown that MODIS VCF's accuracy decreases when estimating tree cover in sparsely-vegetated areas, such as in tropical savannas, no study has yet assessed the impact this may have on the VCF based tree cover distributions used by many in their research. Using tropical forest and savanna inventory data collected by the TROpical Biomes In Transition (TROBIT) project, we produce a series of corrections that take into account (i) the spatial disparity between the in-situ plot size and the MODIS VCF pixel, and (ii) the trees' spatial distribution within in-situ plots. We then applied our corrections to areas identified as forest or savanna in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover mapping product. All IGBP classes identified as savanna show substantial increases in cover after correction, indicating that the most recent version of MODIS VCF consistently underestimates woody cover in tropical savannas. We estimate that MODIS VCF could be underestimating tropical tree cover by between 9–15 %. Models that use VCF as their benchmark could be underestimating the carbon uptake in forest-savanna areas and misrepresenting forest-savanna dynamics. While more detailed in-situ field data is necessary to produce more accurate and reliable corrections, we recommend caution when using MODIS VCF in tropical savannas.