scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis for Using Pulsed Heating Power in Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8895
Author(s):  
Thanh-Luu Cao ◽  
Tuan-Anh Le ◽  
Yaser Hadadian ◽  
Jungwon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Pulsed Heating ◽  
Hyperthermia Therapy ◽  
Continuous Fields ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
Pulsed Fields ◽  
Cancerous Cells

In magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used to generate heat in an alternating magnetic field to destroy cancerous cells. This field can be continuous or pulsed. Although a large amount of research has been devoted to studying the efficiency and side effects of continuous fields, little attention has been paid to the use of pulsed fields. In this simulation study, Fourier’s law and COMSOL software have been utilized to identify the heating power necessary for treating breast cancer under blood flow and metabolism to obtain the optimized condition among the pulsed powers for thermal ablation. The results showed that for small source diameters (not larger than 4 mm), pulsed powers with high duties were more effective than continuous power. Although by increasing the source domain the fraction of damage caused by continuous power reached the damage caused by the pulsed powers, it affected the healthy tissues more (at least two times greater) than the pulsed powers. Pulsed powers with high duty (0.8 and 0.9) showed the optimized condition and the results have been explained based on the Arrhenius equation. Utilizing the pulsed powers for breast cancer treatment can potentially be an efficient approach for treating breast tumors due to requiring lower heating power and minimizing side effects to the healthy tissues.

Tailoring La1−xSrxMnO3(0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) nanoparticles for self-regulating magnetic hyperthermia therapy: an in vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 4705-4712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Soleymani ◽  
Mohammad Edrissi ◽  
Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Prepared Nanoparticles ◽  
Hyperthermia Therapy

Silica-coated La1−xSrxMnO3(0.25 ≤x≤ 0.35) nanoparticles were designed for self-regulating magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The efficacy of the prepared nanoparticles was investigated on a typical animal model of breast cancer.

scholarly journals The Potential of Ultrasound Technology and Chemotherapy Carriers in Breast Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Husseini ◽  
Yassmine Abbas ◽  
Nahid Awad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
Ultrasound Technology ◽  
Cancerous Cells

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women, and chemotherpy is widly used to treat it. However, chemotherapy drugs are not able to differentiate between the cancerous and healthy tissues. This leads to the well-known, harmful side effects of this treatment, which include hair loss, fatigue, nausea, and a weakened immune system. This paper argues for the potential effectiveness of delivering chemotherapy drugs to tumors in protective barriers (drug encapsulation in a nano-carrier) that isolate the drug from healthy tissues, minimizing side effects and increasing the quality of life of patients and their families. When injected into the bloodstream, these nanocarriers will diffuse into the tumor and ultrasonic waves can then be administered at the tumor site in order to release the chemotherapy drug from its capsule. This will restrict the drug to the physical location of the cancerous cells. This policy paper offers a number of recommendations related to furthering this research for the benefit of UAE citizens, residents, and those impacted by breast cancer around the world.

Evaluation of Local Injection of Bevacizumab against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 862-870
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Qiao-Li Zhang ◽  
Tie-Gang Liu ◽  
Wei-Peng Zhao ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Local Injections

Background and objective:Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a recombinant humanized antibody that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. BVZ is primarily given by the intravenous drip (I.V.), which often leads to low efficacy and various side effects. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the effect of local delivery of BVZ against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft tumors.Methods:Mice 4T1 TNBC cells were engrafted in female BALB/c mice. After the tumors reached about 5 mm (diameter), animals were treated with BVZ through the local injection from four directions around the tumors. The tumor growth, survival and potential mechanisms of action were evaluated.Results:The growth and microvessel density of engrafted tumors were dramatically reduced with the tumor inhibition rate of 32.8 ± 3%. No obvious side effects were observed. The expression of VEGFA, VEGF receptor (VEGFR), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and Integrin-5 was significantly reduced in TNBC tumor tissues. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was significantly upregulated in xenograft tumors. Additionally, local delivery of BVZ led to the reduction of VEGFA and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the serum. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the proteins altered by the local delivery of BVZ were associated with angiogenesis and regulation of cell migration.Conclusion:This study provided evidence associated with local delivery of BVZ against TNBC tumors supporting the use of BVZ local injections to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with I.V. therapy with BVZ.

Molecular Studies on Novel Antitumor Bis 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Against Lung Carcinoma and their Limited Side Effects on Normal Melanocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2156-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda F. Mohamed ◽  
Nada S. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed H.M. Elwahy ◽  
Ismail A. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

Background: Cancer is a complex genetic disease which is characterized by an abnormal cell growth, invasion and spreading to other parts of the body. There are several factors that lead to cancer by causing DNA damage and the impairment of its repair. Treatment of cancer using the chemotherapeutic drugs have adverse side effects such as toxicity as they lose their specificity toward cancer cells and affect also normal cells. Moreover, the cancer cells can resist the chemotherapeutic agents and make them ineffective. For these reasons, much attentions have been paid to develop new drugs with limited side effects on normal cells and to diminish cancer resistance to drug chemotherapy. Recently, some 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were reported to act as Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) modulators that inhibit p-glycoprotein which is responsible for the inability of drugs to enter the cancer cells. Also 1,4-DHPs have antimutagenic properties against chemicals via modulating DNA repair when studied on drosophila. Objective: The objective of this study is the synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs incorporating ester as well as ether linkages and evaluate the anticancer activity of new compounds for synergistic purpose. Different genetic tools were used in an attempt to know the mechanism of action of this compound against lung cancer. Method: An efficient one pot synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs using 3-aminocrotononitrile and bis(aldehydes) has been developed. The cytotoxic effect against human cell lines MCF7, and A549 cell lines was evaluated. Results: All compounds exhibited better cytotoxicity toward lung carcinoma cells than breast cancer cells. With respect to lung carcinoma cell line (A549), compound 10 was the most active compound and the three other compounds 7, 8, and 9 showed comparable IC50 values. In case of breast cancer cell line (MCF7), the most active one was compound 7, while compound 8 recorded the least activity. Conclusion: we have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of novel bis 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives incorporating ester or ether linkage. All compounds showed better cytotoxicity results against A549 than MCF7, so that lung carcinoma cell line was chosen to perform the molecular studies on it. The results showed that all compounds (7, 8, 9 and 10) caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. The molecular docking study on CDK2 confirmed the results of cell cycle assay which showed good binding energy between the compounds and the active site of enzyme indicating the inhibition of the enzyme.

Preliminary Pre-Clinical studies on the side effects of breast cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Camila Salata ◽  
Carlos E. deAlmeida ◽  
Samara C. Ferreira-Machado ◽  
Regina C. Barroso ◽  
Liebert P Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment

scholarly journals Patient Preferences: Results of a German Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis (Market Research Study Sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company) in Patients on Palliative Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer

Breast Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mattea Reinisch ◽  
Norbert Marschner ◽  
Thorsten Otto ◽  
Agnieszka Korfel ◽  
Clemens Stoffregen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Adaptive Choice

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Integration of patient preferences into shared decision making improves disease-related outcomes, but such data from patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC) are limited. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the relative importance of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to quality of life (QoL) and therapy-associated side effects from the perspective of patients with aBC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative aBC receiving first- or second-line treatment were recruited throughout Germany. Patient-relevant attributes for aBC therapy assessment were collected using a stepwise multimodal approach. A conjoint matrix was developed, resulting in 2 attributes for therapy goals (OS and PFS), 4 for QoL, and 6 for side effects. An online quantitative survey was then performed using adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) methodology. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The quantitative survey included 104 patients: 67 (64.4%) receiving first-line treatment and 37 (35.6%) receiving second-line treatment. The QoL attribute “physical agility and mobility” received the highest utility score (19.4 of 100%), reflecting the greatest importance to patients, followed by treatment goals (OS [15.2%] and PFS [14.4%]). Therapy-related side effects were less important, with nausea/vomiting being the most important (9.3%), followed by infection (6.4%) and hair loss (5.0%). The McFadden pseudo <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> (0.805), the root likelihood (0.864), and the χ<sup>2</sup> test (2,809.041; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) indicated a very good fit of the statistical model. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Using ACBC analysis, it appears that QoL, OS, and PFS are most important to postmenopausal patients with aBC in relation to cancer treatment. Side effects seem to be less important if OS or PFS are prolonged and the QoL is maintained. Thus, QoL, OS, and PFS should be considered equally when making treatment decisions in aBC.

scholarly journals Mechanisms contributing to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)-induced toxicities: a gateway to better understanding ADC-associated toxicities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukinori Endo ◽  
Nishant Mohan ◽  
Milos Dokmanovic ◽  
Wen Jin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trastuzumab Emtansine ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugate ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Significant Efficacy

Abstract In order to improve the safety of novel therapeutic drugs, better understanding of the mechanisms of action is important. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (also known as T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 (trastuzumab) and a maytansinoid-derived toxin (DM1), which are linked by a non-cleavable thioether linker. T-DM1 has been approved for the treatment of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and recently for use as an adjuvant treatment option for patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who have residual invasive disease. While the treatment with T-DM1 results in significant efficacy in the selected patient population, nonetheless, there are also concerns with the side effects such as thrombocytopenia and hepatotoxicity. While current understanding of the mechanism of T-DM1-mediated side effects is still incomplete, there have been several reports of HER2-dependent and/or -independent mechanisms that could be associated with the T-DM1-induced adverse events. The results from our laboratory show that T-DM1 binds to cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5) on the cell surface of hepatocytes via its payload component (DM1). This interaction is independent of HER2 and leads to cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of hepatocytes in a T-DM1 dose dependent manner. This review highlights the importance of HER2-independent mechanism of T-DM1 to induce hepatotoxicity, which offers a new insight into a role for CKAP5 in the overall maytansinoid-based ADC (DM1 and DM4)-mediated cytotoxicity. This discovery provides a molecular basis for T-DM1-induced off-target toxicity and opens a new avenue for developing the next generation of ADCs.

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