MULTI-AGENT LATENT SEMANTIC INTERNET TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FORMATION OF A SUBJECT-ORIENTED KNOWLEDGE MODEL

Context. The article proposes a latent-semantic technology for extracting information from Internet resources, which allows processing information in natural language, as well as a multi-agent search algorithm based on it. The relevance of this approach to the search for subject-oriented information determined by the fact that currently a direct lexical comparison of queries with document indexes does not fully satisfy the developer. The object of the study is a multi-agent latent-semantic algorithm for searching for subject-oriented information. Objective. The work is to increase the efficiency of forming a knowledge model that is adequate for this subject area. Method. A latent semantic technology based on the weighted descriptor method developed by the authors is proposed. The main difference from the existing methods is that the analysis of words occurring in the text both in frequency and taking into account semantics carried out by selecting the appropriate descriptors, which improves the quality of the information found. Results. The developed latent-semantic technology of information search tested in the task of constructing a knowledge model of automated decision support systems for operational and dispatching control of urban engineering networks. The conducted modeling of the search for subject-oriented information in this subject area showed the effectiveness of the developed approach. Conclusions. Improving the efficiency of search and semantic content of subject-oriented information of the knowledge model of this subject area achieved by using the weighted descriptor method based on Zipf’s laws in this technology. The prospects for further research are to build evolutionary models of knowledge and improve the quality of updated information.

STRUCTURE OF INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF URBAN ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES IN THE SPHERE OF LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

Research paper "The structure of informational-analytical support of urban engineering activities in the field of land use planning and management" consists of - introduction, 6 sections, 5 infological models, conclusions, and a list of 35 sources. The object of the study are methods and models of the discipline of land use planning and management. The subject of the research is the structure of informational support of urban planning activity, cadastral survey and expert systems. The purpose of the paper: to develop the structure of informational and analytical support of urban planning models, and also structural and logical models of natural conditions and processes, activities and structures in the field of land use planning and management. Area of application: information support of all types of urban planning activities. It is advisable to use the results of the work for Improvement of informational support of legislative bodies, municipal administrations and other institution responsible for urban development.

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CHOICE OF PLANNING AND ENGINEERING PREPARATION OF TERRITORIES FOR CONSTRUCTION

Due to the fact that the process of urban engineering of territories includes procedures for socio-economic and engineering-economic assessment of the planning decision of the territory, there is a need to develop appropriate methods. Common for comparing different areas for construction and engineering preparation of the territory should be considered the amount of costs, consisting of the cost of different types of work to compensate for loss to the stability of the territory, as well as the cost of special studies to identify potential ways to reduce damage and engineering preparation and engineering protection of territory being developed or reconstructed. Damage assessment can be carried out based on the specific location of the territory (a certain part of the site) and landscaping of this area, with due regard for the types of buildings. The inclusion of procedures for the socio-economic and engineering-economic assessment of the planning decision of the territory in the process of urban engineering is justified. The dependences of the total values of losses in case of loss of stability of the territory depending on the type of object are established. Separately, the cost of measures for the engineering preparation of the territory depending on the angle of inclination of the relief was determined. An environmental assessment of the choice of planning option and engineering preparation of the building area is carried out. The largest share in the structure of economic losses from the possible activation of destructive processes in the soil brings housing – about 60% – so special attention in the analysis of anthropogenic impacts on the stability of territories should be paid to anthropogenic factors arising development of housing. The cost of engineering training measures is determined by the capacity of the soil layer, which loses stability, the capacity of the groundwater flow and the angle of inclination of the sliding surface of landslides in unstable areas of housing. To determine the degree of increase in the stability of the territory per unit of costs, it is necessary to take into account both simultaneous and current costs to be developed. Of all the possible options for stabilization measures, the best is the one that, under equal conditions, provides a minimum of reduced costs.

Application of Ground-based 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Engineering Surveying

In this paper, the technological process of fixed ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in practical production of engineering survey is introduced, and application methods of the technology in topographic map surveying and mapping, earthwork calculation, road surveying, 3D modeling and other aspects are systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology compared with traditional surveying and mapping methods, discusses the application direction and prospect of ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in the future11, and provide a reference for the application of this technology in urban engineering surveying.

Water in Los Angeles: Rethinking the Current Strategy

Southern California has been subject to multi-year droughts that are expected to become more frequent in coming years. While only receiving 25% of the state’s annual rainfall, Southern California is responsible for 80% of the state’s water demand, necessitating imports from Northern California and out-of-state. Projects for local water management have been undertaken. However, a lack of funding has prevented larger sustainable water projects in Southern California from being implemented. Additionally, a large portion of the current funding is being used towards desalination projects that compromise important ecological functions and services. Given the existing technology and current political and funding landscape, we propose the implementation of urban engineering projects and greenspaces to increase local water supply and decrease the dependency on imported and unsustainable water sources. The collective approach of increasing stormwater capture through greenspaces and engineering solutions would increase equitable access to clean water and city-wide resilience for future droughts without the ecological risks and lack of equity posed by current strategies such as desalination.

Kenzo Tange

Kenzo Tange (Tange Kenzō, b. 1913–d. 2005) was arguably the most prominent Japanese architect in the 20th century. His long career had been tied to the changing trajectory of the nation, making him an important cultural figure to study in modern Japan. Inspired by Le Corbusier since his youth, Tange followed modernism throughout his career with strong faith in its rational order, technological power, and universalizing values, yet he always tried to incorporate them with a Japanese identity and aesthetics. The triumphs in two open design competitions sponsored by the wartime militarist government lifted him to the national stage at a young age but have remained controversial since. He emerged again as the leader during the country’s postwar resurrection and economic takeoff and designed a series of national projects, including the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, the Tokyo City Hall, and the National Olympic Gymnasiums, and led the team in the planning and design for the 1970 World Expositions in Osaka. Japan’s continuing growth of economic power in the 1970s through 1990s sent him all over the world with large-scale designs in Macedonia, Italy, Singapore, Middle East, Africa, and the United States, among other nations. Tange was also an influential urbanist, an aspect that has in the early 21st century drawn greater interest of scholarship. His seminal work of city design was the 1960 Plan for Tokyo, which articulated a spectacular though incremental expansion of a linear megastructure cross the Tokyo Bay to carry a new city of five million to decentralize the overcrowded metropolis and basically influenced all his ensuing attempts of inventing inclusive urban frameworks for the transforming postindustrial cities. This endeavor was shared by the architects of Metabolism, who launched the avant-garde movement that Tange helped flourish in the 1960s. Tange’s collaborations with artists, critics, and photographers, as well as his constant engagement in global intellectual exchanges, also generated rich outcomes and served his aspiration for Japan’s cultural identity and international influence, manifest in his coauthored accounts on the Katsura Villa and Ise Shrine, respectively, as well as in Expo ’70. As an accomplished educator, Tange taught for most of his career at the University of Tokyo. His architectural laboratory there and the Department of Urban Engineering that he cofounded have trained generations of Japanese architectural and urban thinkers and practitioners. The author would like to thank Professor Yatsuka Hajime in Tokyo and Yihan Yin of University of Pennsylvania for their inputs to this article.