MAPPING RESEARCH WASTE FILTER CIGARETTE BUTTS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COARSE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE BY THE METHOD OF SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This study aims to determine the mapping of research related to cigarette butts filter waste as coarse aggregate for making concrete according to its category. This study uses systematic literature review techniques to conduct research by analyzing the literature. Literature collection is done by searching several digital libraries by entering a search string that has been made based on the research queation with publication limits between 2011-2020. The results showed that from 182 literature obtained 4 of them were suitable for analysis. Based on the 4 literatures, it is known that normal concrete and lightweight concrete are produced from cigarette butts filter waste. The concrete that is most often made is normal concrete and the best compressive strength value that can be produced is 29.6 MPa with a cigarette butt filter waste mixture of 0.1% of the concrete density. The best quality produced is medium quality with K 300.84 and is included in the category of structural concrete.

New green electrode materials derived from waste cigarette butts for capacitive deionization

Smoked cigarette butts are a non-biodegradable pollutant that has damaged the planet. However, carbon materials derived from cigarette butts have proven to be suitable for various applications. We synthesized cigarette butt-derived carbon via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods and then converted it to an electrode material for capacitive deionization. The fabricated material, SCC-750, exhibited a relatively high salt adsorption capacity of 10.27 mg g−1. The excellent CDI (capacitive deionization) performance is due to the high specific surface area of 3,093.10 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.754 cm3 g−1. This work offers a new method to recycle harmful cigarette butts by converting them into promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization.

Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation

The increasing rate of oil and gas production has contributed to a release of oil/water emulsion or mixtures to the environment, becoming a pressing issue. At the same time, pollution of the toxic cigarette butt has also become a growing concern. This study explored utilization of cigarette butt waste as a source of cellulose acetate-based (CA) polymer to develop a phase inverted membrane for treatment of oil/water emulsion and compare it with commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF). Results show that the CA-based membrane from waste cigarette butt offers an eco-friendly material without compromising the separation efficiency, with a pore size range suitable for oil/water emulsion filtration with the rejection of >94.0%. The CA membrane poses good structural property similar to the established PVDF and PSF membranes with equally asymmetric morphology. It also poses hydrophilicity properties with a contact angle of 74.5°, lower than both PVDF and PSF membranes. The pore size of CA demonstrates that the CA is within the microfiltration range with a mean flow pore size of 0.17 µm. The developed CA membrane shows a promising oil/water emulsion permeability of 180 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 after five filtration cycles. However, it still suffers a high degree of irreversible fouling (>90.0%), suggesting potential future improvements in terms of membrane fouling management. Overall, this study demonstrates a sustainable approach to addressing oil/water emulsion pollution treated CA membrane from cigarette butt waste.