Controlled release evaluation of paracetamol loaded amine functionalized mesoporous silica KCC1 compared to microcrystalline cellulose based tablets

In the pharmaceutical manufacturing, drug release behavior development is remained as one of the main challenges to improve the drug effectiveness. Recently, more focus has been done on using mesoporous silica materials as drug carriers for prolonged and superior control of drug release in human body. In this study, release behavior of paracetamol is developed using drug-loaded KCC-1-NH2 mesoporous silica, based on direct compaction method for preparation of tablets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utilizing of pure KCC-1 mesoporous silica (KCC-1) and amino functionalized KCC-1 (KCC-1-NH2) as drug carriers in oral solid dosage formulations compared to common excipient, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), to improve the control of drug release rate by manipulating surface chemistry of the carrier. Different formulations of KCC-1 and KCC-NH2 are designed to investigate the effect of functionalized mesoporous silica as carrier on drug controlled-release rate. The results displayed the remarkable effect of KCC-1-NH2 on drug controlled-release in comparison with the formulation containing pure KCC-1 and formulation including MCC as reference materials. The pure KCC-1 and KCC-1-NH2 are characterized using different evaluation methods such as FTIR, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption analysis.

Nanoparticles and Colloidal Hydrogels of Chitosan–Caseinate Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Drug-Controlled Release Applications

Chitosan–caseinate nanoparticles were synthesized by polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation. Caseinate is an anionic micellar nanocolloid in aqueous solutions, which association with the polycationic chitosan yielded polyelectrolyte complexes with caseinate cores surrounded by a chitosan corona. The pre-structuration of caseinate micelles facilitates the formation of natural polyelectrolyte nanoparticles with good stability and sizes around 200 nm. Such natural nanoparticles can be loaded with molecules for applications in drug-controlled release. In the nanoparticles processing, parameters such as the chitosan degree of acetylation (DA) and molecular weight, order of addition of the polyelectrolytes chitosan (polycation) and caseinate (polyanion), and added weight ratio of polycation:polyanion were varied, which were shown to influence the structure of the polyelectrolyte association, the nanoparticle size and zeta potential. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses revealed the chemical structure of hydrogel colloidal systems consisting of nanoparticles that contain chitosan and caseinate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed further characterization of the spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. Furtherly, insulin was chosen as a model drug to study the application of the nanoparticles as a safe biodegradable nanocarrier system for drug-controlled release. An insulin entrapment efficiency of 75% was achieved in the chitosan-caseinate nanoparticles.

An Inverse Problem Solution Scheme for Solving the Optimization Problem of Drug-Controlled Release from Multilaminated Devices

The optimization problem of drug release based on the multilaminated drug-controlled release devices has been solved in this paper under the inverse problem solution scheme. From the viewpoint of inverse problem, the solution of optimization problem can be regarded as the solution problem of a Fredholm integral equation of first kind. The solution of the Fredholm integral equation of first kind is a well-known ill-posed problem. In order to solve the severe ill-posedness, a modified regularization method is presented based on the Tikhonov regularization method and the truncated singular value decomposition method. The convergence analysis of the modified regularization method is also given. The optimization results of the initial drug concentration distribution obtained by the modified regularization method demonstrate that the inverse problem solution scheme proposed in this paper has the advantages of the numerical accuracy and antinoise property.

Polylactide-b-Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-b-Polylactide Triblock Copolymer Films for Using as Drug Delivery Carriers

The objective of this work was to characterize the stereocomplex film properties prepared from different ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA. All ratios used were homogeneous in texture with a small size of pores which increased as the PDLA-PEG-PDLA ratio was increased. The PDLA-PEG-PDLA supported the increase of stereocomplexation of the film's texture. With tetracycline, the increasing of pores on the film surfaces were observed, but not interfered stereocomplexation of the films. However, the drug helped to enhance the homo-crystalline formation. The stereocomplex structure of films both with and without tetracycline have completely formed when the ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA used were 60/40 and 70/30, respectively. The rate of drug release trends to decrease when the ratio of PDLA-PEG-PDLA increased. This indicated that the different ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA might be affected by the properties of film as well as the drug release pattern. The obtained results might be applied for designing film for specific proposing, especially as a hydrophobic drug carrier for drug controlled-release.

Keratin/Egg White Blend Particles: Preparation and Characterization

The objectives of this work are to prepare keratin/egg white blend particles by emulsification solvent diffusion method and characterize their properties. The different factors including concentration, water: oil phases, spinning rate, and blending ratio were optimized. The morphological observation indicated that the shapes and sizes of particles were variable by the condition used. FTIR spectra indicated that all particles co-existed of α-helix and random coil structures. The decomposition rate of all particles found at least 4 steps and the blend particles have lower Td, max than the native protein particles. The obtained results were advantaged for the development of the keratin/egg white blend particles for specific applications such as drug-controlled release systems.