STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING POLYETHYLENE OF SEPARATE GRADES (TYPES) FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TRANSPORT CAPSULES NECESSARY FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS ON SHORT LIVING ISOTOPES

To replenish a specific consumable material, experimental samples of transport capsules were made, intended for neutron activation analysis for short-lived isotopes. The correspondence of the manufactured capsules to the real conditions of their transportation has been studied. The study of the elemental composition of the capsule material has been carried out. Analysis of the spectra of induced activity showed the presence of metal impurities in polyethylene, which must be taken into account when performing neutron activation analysis.

Extraction of Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), and Mn(II) from Aqueous Solutions with Ionic Liquid R4NCy

The leaching of copper ores produces a rich solution with metal interferences. In this context, Fe(III), Zn(II), and Mn(II) are three metals contained in industrial copper-rich solutions in high quantities and eventually can be co-extracted with the copper. The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibly of solvent extraction with the use of ionic liquid methyltrioctyl/decylammonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (R4NCy) as an extractant of Cu(II) in the presence of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Mn(II). In general terms, the results showed a high single extraction efficiency of all the metals under study. In the case of Fe(III) and Zn(II), the extraction was close to 100%. On the contrary, the stripping efficiency was poor to Fe(III) and discrete to Zn(II), but very high to Cu(II) and Mn(II). Finally, the findings of this study suggest that the ionic liquid R4NCy is feasible for the pre-treatment of the copper solvent extraction process to remove metal impurities such as Fe(III) and Zn(II).

Study on the behavior of zinc and associated metal-impurities in the process of chlorinating roasting of dross

In this work the issue of processing of dross with preliminary separation of the metal part from the oxide one is reviewed. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of known works it is shown that this approach can be quite effective if a technology is developed for the separate processing of the oxide part to obtain a commercial product. The authors of this work proposed carrying out chlorinating roasting under oxidizing conditions with various chlorine-containing reagents as one of the effective ways of processing the oxide part of the dross. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of interaction between the components of the oxide part of the dross and calcium and ammonium chlorides, the principal possibility of obtaining pure zinc oxide, suitable for use as mineral additives in animal feed has been shown. As a result of thermodynamic calculations of the reactions of interaction of impurity metals with calcium chloride and ammonium chloride, the values of Gibbs free energy and reaction rate constants were determined in the temperature range 973 and 1373 K. It has been established that under the conditions of roasting the oxide part of the dross with both calcium chloride and ammonium chloride, a high degree of sublimation of impurity metals from the dross in the form of their chlorides into dust is achieved. It has been shown that roasting the oxide part of the dross using ammonium chloride is more efficient than with calcium chloride.

A Review on Metal Impurities in Pharmaceuticals

Sources of metal impurities can from anywhere in drug product as raw material which may produce using metal catalyst, excipients, process materials, Water or any solvent used, manufacturing equipment, environment, packaging materials. So, it leads to metal impurity in high amount present in final drug product that is why it is important to check the impurity level in final drug product or as well as in process also that it should be present in low or acceptable amount. Any Drug product is not completely pure, some amount of metal impurities are always present in pharmaceutical product may cause various toxicity when it will be administered. Thus it is necessary to check impurity level is present at acceptable amount. The present review gives an account of updated information about metal impurities and reviews the regulatory aspects for such metal impurities in drug substance/drug product. In addition the aim of this article is to discuss the currently used different analytical techniques for detection of metals from drug product like spectrophotometry, X – Ray florescence spectrometry, AAS, INAA, ICP – AES, ICP – MS, MP – AES, Laser Ablation – ICP – MS etc which is used for quality control of metal impurities in pharmaceuticals.

In vitro Researches into the Biocompatibility of Titanium Alloys with a Modifi ed Surface

This work presents the results of a comparative in vitro study into the biocompatibility of titanium samples, the surface of which was pre-treated using various methods: milling, machining with acid etching and irradiation with a powerful ion beam (PIB) for creating a relief with the required roughness and the shape of asperities. A study of the effectiveness of attachment and growth of Balb/NIH 3T3 fi broblasts on titanium products with various types of surface treatment demonstrated that irradiation of a titanium surface with a powerful ion beam (PIB) leads to its active colonization with cells having a fl attened and stellate shape, which confi rms their active growth. An assessment of migration of metal impurities from the titanium alloy VT 1-0 was evaluated using the x-ray fl uorescence method