On the issue of hemiplegia

The neuropathological material of recent years is replete with cases of hemiplegia, surpassing in this respect the number of many years of old times. The immediate task of a modern neuropathologist is a more perfect topical diagnosis of lesions in accordance with the observed symptomatology. The proposed working scheme is intended to facilitate this task by dividing the affected brain areas into five floors and drawing a parallel with the observed motor, sensory and other phenomena. The basis of the scheme is personal and literary material of the near future.

SURGICAL TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH PENETRATING THORACIC INJURIES

To date, the basis of surgical tactics for chest injuries is the primary surgical treatment of the wound and drainage of the pleural cavity with dynamic monitoring and determination of indications for surgery, based on the amount of blood released by drainage, without any attempts to actively verify the nature of injuries.Treatment of patients on the basis of the so-called "individual approach" and active-waiting tactics, taking into account clinical, radiological and laboratory data, mainly meets the recommendations of the middle of the last century.From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, thoracoscopy is the most effective method of topical diagnosis of traumatic hemothorax. Videothoracoscopic technologies significantly reduce the incidence of purulent intrapulmonary and pleural complications in penetrating lung injuries. Undoubted advantages of thoracoscopy are: full-fledged revision; accurate diagnosis, which eliminates doubts about the diagnosis and waiting period; determination of indications for drainage, operative thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.

Register of the human brain acoustic area spectrum

Last years, there were developed methods based on the human brain and body acoustic signals application. We consider human brain micro vibrations as an ancient, highly reliable, relatively rapid channel of the central nervous system with all the organism cells and structures. There is offered a method of the human brain acoustic area spectrum analysis and registration. Experimental sample “Register of the human brain micro vibrations spectrum is developed. The model of the human brain acoustic area generation is offered – neurovascular reflex and related with human brain blood vessels smooth muscularity nerve cells metabolism. In comparison with classical EEG, it is demonstrated that acoustic encephalogram also reflects human brain neuroreflex activity. Piezoelectric sensors, which feature in silicone membrane existence, are investigated. Such type of construction allowed to register human brain mechanical vibrations in the gamut from 0.1 up to 27 Hz. Spectral analysis is specific in that signal integration time is 160 seconds. Meanwhile, 12600 spectral harmonics of the human brain reticular activating system were reliably extracted. For convenience, all the acoustic area spectrum of the human brain was shrunk into segmental frame of reference which is frequency structured matrix of functional conditions multiplicity “multiple arousal” of 24х625 frequency cells size. All the developed technologies and device might be used for the organism adaptation estimations, psycho-emotional conditions estimations and functional-topical diagnosis of the internal parts of the human body.

Wolff — Parkinson — White syndrome in nurse practice

Wolff — Parkinson — White syndrome (WPWS) is still the leading cause of supraventricular tachycardia in the world. The frequency of WPWS ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 % per 1000 people. It is worth noting that in patients with congenital heart defects, it increases to 0.5 %. The article highlights the main criteria of Wolff — Parkinson — White syndrome, its morphological justification, and the features of modern topical diagnosis. Also, the review of the main methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients is presented.

Towards the modern doctrine of Landry paralysis

Pri opredѣleni kazhdago nervnago zabolѣvanya, kak" otdѣl'noy nozologicheskoy yedinitsy, sovremennaya nevropatologya kladet" v" osnovu tri glavnykh" printsipa: anatomo-fizologichesky, patologo-anatomichesky i etologichesky. Na osnovani pervago printsipa nevropatolog", pol'zuyas' faktami normal'noy anatomi i fizologi nervnoy sistemy, opredѣlyayet" v" klinicheskoy kartinѣ zabolѣvanya uklonenya v" proyavleni dѣyatel'nosti otdѣl'nykh" nervnykh" sistem", nervnykh" yedinits"nevronov". Opredѣlyaya, kakya sistemy i kakya chasti ikh" porazheny, on" stavit" topicheskuyu dagnostiku zabolѣvanya. Na osnovani dannykh" patologicheskoy anatomi nevropatolog" opredѣlyayet" kharakter" porazhenya, lezhashchago v" osnovѣ zabolѣvanya, i nakonets" opredѣlyayet" prichinu, vyzvavshuyu dannoye zabolѣvane, obuslovivshuyu bystrotu ili medlennost' yego razvitya, pol'zuyas' v" ostrykh" sluchayakh" dannymi bakterologi i toksikologi. No ne smotrya na uspѣkhi nevrapotologi, sushchestvuyet" mnogo zabolѣvany, gdѣ vsѣ tri printsipa ne mogut" byt' strogo provedeny, tak" kak" predstavlyayut' mnogo yeshche spornago. Eti zabolѣvanya predstavlyayutsya simptomokompleksom", v" osnovѣ kotorago mogut" lezhat' porazhenya, chrezvychayno raznoobraznyya po svoyey lokalizatsi, po kharakteru patologo-anatomicheskago protsessa i po etologi. K" chislu podobnago roda zabolѣvany prinadlezhit" bolѣzn', izvѣstnaya pod" imenem" ostrago voskhodyashchago paralicha Landry. Развернуть 1371/5000 When defining each nervous disease, as a separate nosological unit, modern neuropathology lays in the basis of three main principles: anatomical-physiological, pathological-anatomical and ethiological. On the basis of the first principle, the neuropathologist, using the facts of normal anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, determines in the clinical picture of the disease, the evasion in the manifestation of the activity of individual nervous systems, nervous units - neurons. Determining which systems and which parts of them are affected, he sets the topical diagnosis of the disease. Based on the data of the pathological anatomy, the neuropathologist determines the nature of the lesion underlying the disease, and finally determines the cause that caused this disease, which caused the rapidity or slowness of its development, using the data of toxicology and toxicology in acute cases. But in spite of the successes of neuropathology, there are many diseases where all three principles cannot be strictly followed, since they represent a lot more controversial. These diseases are presented as a symptom complex, in the basis of which there may be lesions, extremely diverse in their localization, in the nature of the pathological-anatomical process and in ethiology. To the number of such kind of diseases belongs the disease, known under the name of acute ascending paralysis of Landry.

Diagnostics and observation tactics of newborns with arteriovenous malformation of Galena vein in a multidiscipline children hospital

The authors analyzed the results of diagnostics and treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the Galena vein in 6 newborns at the Bashlyaeva Children City Clinical Hospital in 2018–2019. They described the main methods of early and accurate topical diagnosis of the disease, clinical manifestations depending on the size and type of malformation, treatment options and their results in the near future and long-term perspective. The authors have concluded that a multidisciplinary approach involving a resuscitator, cardiologist, neurosurgeon and radiologist plays the most important role in preparing patient for surgery.

Molecular Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors by Somatostatin-Receptor Scintigraphy (SPECT/CT) with 99mTc-Tektrotyd

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms constituting about 0.5 % of all cancer cases. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of NETs, which is primarily due to the active development and improvement of medical imaging technologies. Successful treatment and prognosis for patients with NETs strongly depend on the stage of the disease. One of the effective methods of visualization and staging NETs in nuclear medicine is somatostin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), which is based on the use of partial somatostatin receptor agonists labeled with radioactive isotopes. The article presents an analysis of 55 patients with NETs of various localizations who underwent scintigraphy and SPECT/CT. Radiopharmaceutical was used as a tracer for SRS. It was prepared on the basis of a lyophilisate developed by Polatom (Poland) — Tektrotyd, labeled with 99mTc. According to the results of the study SRS with 99mTc-Tektrotyd is informative in the topical diagnosis of NETs, especially when PET/CT scan with 68Ga-labeled peptides is not available. Sensitivity varies depending on the NET localization. It is necessary to continue researches on the diagnostic value of SRS with 99mTc-Tektrotyd for tumors, in the pathogenesis of which somatostatin receptors play a significant role.

Professor Aleksander Viktorovich Triumfov

The article describes the main personal and professional events in the life of Professor A. V. Triumfov, organizer of neurological departments and divisions in educational and medical institutions in Novosibirsk and Leningrad. Prof. Triumfov founded the first neurological division in the Naval Academy of Medicine and developed a course on neurosurgery, as well as legendary guidelines on topical diagnosis of neural disorders.