Vibration parameters and indicators of a dynamic tillage tool

According to domestic and foreign research on the efficiency of active and passive vibrating tillage tools, the created vibration allows reducing the traction resistance of tillage implements compared to conventional tools, while improving the tillage quality. The study aimed to determine several vibration parameters and indicators of a dynamic tillage tool supplied with an energy storing and transmitting device: frequency and amplitude of oscillations, absolute velocity, vibration velocity, acceleration of vibration, a force of inertia, and oscillation energy. The study applied the energy assessment methods of tillage tools with the measuring and information system designed at IEEP – branch of FSAC VIM; analysis and generalisation of experimental data. Vibration variables were determined by the strain-gauge method. The study revealed a significant effect of oscillation frequency and amplitude of the tillage tool, depending on the machine travel speed and characteristics of elastic elements, on its vibration velocity and acceleration, the force of inertia and the energy of oscillations.The total increase in these forces owing to a high-frequency dynamic impact may affect the soil layer considerably as an additional loosening. The accumulated impact energy can provide a decrease in the traction resistance of the tillage tool.

Estimating the dynamics of a machine-tractor assembly considering the effect of the supporting surface profile

Results of theoretical studies of dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly taking into account the influence of a bearing surface profile were presented. It was established that in the course of operation, the machine-tractor assembly is exposed to a number of external factors leading to a change of vertical loads on the chassis and the engine. Mathematical models of dynamics of a tractor and a machine and a tractor unit consisting of a tractor of pivotally connected arrangement and a trailed sower were constructed. Such models make it possible to study dynamics and oscillatory processes of multi-element units. A mathematical model of tractor wheel dynamics was formed. Speeds and angles of orientation of elements of the machine-tractor assembly in space were determined. Influence of profile of the bearing surface on the unit elements when moving in the field prepared for sowing and the field after plowing was calculated. Theoretical studies of the influence of the bearing surface profile on dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly were performed on the example of KhTZ-242K tractor and Vega-8 Profi sower (Ukraine). When moving, the sower frame has a smaller amplitude of vibration accelerations than that of the tractor. Accordingly, the tractor has higher oscillation energy because it rests on the ground through its wheels having appropriate stiffness. The sower moves with its working bodies immersed into the soil which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of oscillations. The highest energy of amplitude of oscillation accelerations of the sower frame in the vertical direction was observed at frequencies of 15.9; 23.44; 35.3 and 42.87 Hz. It was found that the increase in working speeds of agricultural units leads to the fact that oscillations of all components reach significant values. This entails an increase in dynamic loads on soil and, as a consequence, its compaction

The concept of application of oscillation energy in modern technologies of directional drilling

In the process of research, there was investigated the question of influence of rotary movement of washing fluid on hydrodynamic processes with the purpose of enhancement of its transportation properties, especially in the process of drilling of horizontal wells. At present stage of science and technology development, improvement of effectiveness of drilling of horizontal wells is done at the expense of improvement of hydrodynamic circulation processes that prevent complications related to stability disturbances of well walls, formation of stagnation zones, and separation of sludge with significant reduction of energy costs. The matter of the article is related to the process of formation of stability of rotary-forward motion of washing fluid in the annulus of horizontal well directly by the energy of the flow, and also substantiation of methods of regulation of hydrodynamic parameters and flow structure with consideration of concrete geological and technical conditions.

Current possibilities for nebulizer therapy

This article discusses the main aspects of the nebulizer therapy used to treat respiratory diseases. The basic principle of operation of all types of nebulizers is based on the generation of aerosol containing particles comprising an active substance. Currently, there are three types of nebulizers: jet, or compressor (which uses the energy of a gas jet), ultrasonic (which uses oscillation energy of the piezoelectric element) and membrane (Mesh nebulizers). The jet nebulizers are the most common, because they have affordable cost, are easy to use, however, using this type of nebulizers is accompanied by quite large losses of the drug (more than 50%), and they are quite noisy due to the compressor. Among the advantages of ultrasonic nebulizers are virtually silent operation, fast aerosol production and shorter inhalation times compared to compressor devices, small size and weight, and operation from the batteries. However, one of the most important disadvantages of ultrasonic nebulizers is the limited range of drugs that can be used for inhalation, which significantly limits their use in pulmonological practice. In particular, they are not suitable for inhalation of suspensions (glucocorticosteroids) due to the impossibility of homogeneous nebulization, in addition, part of the GCS molecules are destroyed by ultrasound. In recent years, the greatest prospects have been associated with the use of a new generation of nebulizers created using the so-called Vibrating Mesh Technology. Membrane nebulizers have a number of advantages compared to the compressor and ultrasonic devices. Among them are a small residual volume, noiseless operation, high mobility due to the small size, weight and ability to operate using battery.