Tree Top Walk at Serralves Park, Portugal

<p>The current paper describes the structure and the dynamic behaviour of a footbridge built in Serralves Park at Porto, Portugal. The footbridge, named Tree Top Walk, is located in a slope in the park at the height of the top of the trees. Because it is in a slope, the footbridge develops with an irregular U-shape at a constant level. The total length of the footbridge is approximately 250 m. At its highest level, the height is 15 m.</p><p>Approximately at one third of the course there is a passage between the two branches of the U. At this zone, there is a staircase that allows to reach the footbridge at the middle of its course, from the woods and a small amphitheatre at a level of 14 m. The structure of the deck is made with timber while the columns are made with steel covered with timber across their height and the connection between the columns and the deck is performed with timber struts placed in the longitudinal and transversal directions. Three of the columns are made with a circular profile, while the others are 4-foot tubes connected at the top by a circular tube with</p><p>2.35 m length. The deck is made with four longitudinal girders with a cross section of 8x52 cm. Spans have different lengths, ranging from 5 to 14,34 m. In total there are 23 spans and 22 columns. In the structural analysis, dead loads, live loads, wind and earthquake actions were considered. To assess the dynamic behaviour of the structure, dynamic tests have been carried out. The performed tests include an ambient vibration test, the determination of the damping level and tests with pedestrians.</p>

TRAL 2.0: Tandem Repeat Detection With Circular Profile Hidden Markov Models and Evolutionary Aligner

The Tandem Repeat Annotation Library (TRAL) focuses on analyzing tandem repeat units in genomic sequences. TRAL can integrate and harmonize tandem repeat annotations from a large number of external tools, and provides a statistical model for evaluating and filtering the detected repeats. TRAL version 2.0 includes new features such as a module for identifying repeats from circular profile hidden Markov models, a new repeat alignment method based on the progressive Poisson Indel Process, an improved installation procedure and a docker container. TRAL is an open-source Python 3 library and is available, together with documentation and tutorials viavital-it.ch/software/tral.

CIRCNV: Detection of CNVs Based on a Circular Profile of Read Depth from Sequencing Data

Copy number variation (CNV) is a common type of structural variation in the human genome. Accurate detection of CNVs from tumor genomes can provide crucial information for the study of tumor genesis and cancer precision diagnosis. However, the contamination of normal genomes in tumor genomes and the crude profiles of the read depth make such a task difficult. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, called CIRCNV, for the detection of CNVs from sequencing data. CIRCNV is an extension of our previously developed method CNV-LOF, which uses local outlier factors to predict CNVs. Comparatively, CIRCNV can be performed on individual tumor samples and has the following two new features: (1) it transfers the read depth profile from a line shape to a circular shape via a polar coordinate transformation, in order to improve the efficiency of the read depth (RD) profile for the detection of CNVs; and (2) it performs a second round of CNV declaration based on the truth circular RD profile, which is recovered by estimating tumor purity. We test and validate the performance of CIRCNV based on simulation and real sequencing data and perform comparisons with several peer methods. The results demonstrate that CIRCNV can obtain superior performance in terms of sensitivity and precision. We expect that our proposed method will be a supplement to existing methods and become a routine tool in the field of variation analysis of tumor genomes.

Slant type taper profiling and prediction of profiling speed for a circular profile during in wire electric discharge machining using Hastelloy-X

Hastelloy-X a nickel-based alloy used in nozzles, flame holders, turbine blades, turbocharges, jet engine tailpipes, afterburner components etc. having complex tapering profiles. Wire electric discharge machining proves to be the most beneficial machining technique as it provides required accuracy for the components. In the present research, a slant type taper fixture is employed for achieving taper angles as convention tapering have many hindrances like wire bend, angular inaccuracy, guide wear, insufficient flushing and wire breakage etc. and machining a simple circular profile on Hastelloy-X. The behaviour of different output parameters like profiling speed, surface roughness, profile areas, microhardness and recast layer were investigated for various input parameters for machined taper components at 0°, 15° and 30°. The cutting speed override parameter influenced most on the profiling speed and surface roughness. The wire offset parameter was found to be the most significant factor in the case of circular profile areas that were machined. The variation of different output parameters to profiling/cutting speed and taper angle was also highlighted. It is found the recast layer decreased which indicated lesser thermal degradation at higher taper angles at different profiling parameters. This is also validated by the microhardness where the machined surface hardness of taper angular profiles was found to be greater than the 0° profiles. The artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system were used for the prediction of profiling speed. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system was found better in prediction as the percentage error varies between 0–5 per cent. In conclusion, the profiling speed influences both on the accuracy and surface of machined taper circular profiles.

Modelling of Contact Geometry of Tool and Workpiece in Grinding Process with Crossed Axes of the Tool and Workpiece with Circular Profile

A general model is developed, and on its basis, there are special models formulated of the grinding process with crossed axes of the tool and workpiece with a profile in the form of a circle arc. A new method of control of the grinding process is proposed, which will provide processing by equidistant curves, and the amount of cutting of a circle equal to the allowance. This will increase the productivity and quality of grinding. The presented method of grinding implements the processing with the spatial contact line of the tool and workpiece. When the axes are crossed, the contact line is stretched, which leads to an increase of the contact area and, accordingly, to a decrease of the temperature in the processing area. This allows processing of workpieces with more productive cutting conditions.

Investigation of Turbulence Parameters Influence on Results of CFD Modeling of Flow in Ultrasonic Flowmeter

The article investigated the influence of turbulence parameters of the SolidWorks Flow Simulations CFD package on the results of flow simulation in a two-path ultrasonic flowmeter. It has been found that the main turbulence parameters of SolidWorks Flow Simulations (turbulence intensity, turbulence length, turbulence energy and turbulence dissipation) slightly affect the result of the flow simulation in a full-filled pipeline of circular profile without additional turbulous elements (turbine, rotor, other). In view of this, during the CFD modeling of the flow measurement process using ultrasonic flowmeters, it is recommended to apply turbulence parameters installed in the SolidWorks Flow Simulations CFD package by default. At the same time, the time consumed by the computer to perform CFD modeling is almost unchanged when the specified parameters of the SolidWorks Flow Simulations CFD package.

Stress analysis of the membrane structure in the shape of cone

The paper is focused on the static analysis of the cone, which is one of the basic shapes used for membrane structures. These structures are specific by their ability to transmit only tensile forces. Pressure forces in the membrane construction may cause unwanted wrinkling of the used textile materials. When designing membranes, one of the variable parameters can be the height of cone and the radius of the circular profile at the top of the cone, which affects the resulting stress and internal forces. This paper aims to analyze the reliability of the cone in terms of the extreme stress and internal forces while maintaining the same ground plan.

Enhancement of Heat Transfer Characteristics using Aerofoil Fin over Square and Circular Fins

The thermal conductivity of fin material, its geometrical profile and the mode of heat transfer etc, are the key factors which generally affects the heat transfer from fins. The present research deals with the improvement in heat transfer characteristics and the investigation of fin performance efficiency by using fins of varying geometrical profiles in pin fin apparatus. In this study the heat transfer characteristics inside a rectangular duct with circular, square and aerofoil geometrical profiles of fins were analyzed experimentally. The intention of the present work is to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number, Nusselt number, pressure drop and efficiency of fin with circular, square and aerofoil geometrical profiles and all the results obtained will be compared with those from a circular fin of same material surface. In the present study, experimental results of the heat transfer characteristics of all the three geometrical profiles of fins under constant heat flux conditions are presented. Experiments are performed at various Reynolds numbers in the range of 1000–9000 and heat fluxes in the range of 0.91–3.64 kW/m2 . The predicted results are validated by comparing with measured data. The predicted results are in reasonable agreement with the experiments. It is found that with increase in Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and thermal performance increases, for a fin having aerofoil profile as compared with a fin with square and circular profile. These are because of delayed separation of air and increase in contact time for a fin having aerofoil profile as compared with a fin with square and circular profile.

Behavioural Fault tolerant control of an Omni directional Mobile Robot with Four mecanum Wheels

This paper analyses the four-mecanum wheeled drive mobile robot wheels configurations that will give near desired performance with one fault and two faults for both set-point control and trajectory-tracking (circular profile) using kinematic motion control scheme within the tolerance limit. For one fault the system remains in its full actuation capabilities and gives the desired performance with the same control scheme. In case of two-fault wheels all combinations of faulty wheels have been considered using the same control scheme. Some configurations give desired performance within the tolerance limit defined while some does not even use pseudo inverse since using the system becomes under-actuated and their wheel alignment and configurations greatly influenced the performance.