Influence of solutions of antimicrobial agents based on peracetic acid on the quality and safety of poultry carcasses during its processing

The article presents the results of studies to determine the optimal concentrations and exposures of solutions of the technological auxiliary agent based on peroxyacetic acid «Invasept Forte FD» (Invasept Forte FD) for reducing microbial semination of water in the cooling bath, preventing cross-semination, reducing microbial semination and decontamination of the surface of carcasses during water cooling, evaporative and short-term cooling of poultry carcasses.

Cellulose Fibers Dissolution in Alkaline Solution

In this study, NaOH dissolution method was applied to dissolve cellulose fibers which extracted from date palm fronds (type Al-Zahdi) taken from Iraqi gardens. In this process, (NaOH)-solution is brought into contact with the cellulose fibers at low temperature. Experiments were conducted with different concentrations of NaOH (4%, 6%, 8% and12%) weight percent at two cooling bath temperatures (-15 oC) and (-20oC). Maximum cellulose dissolution was 23 wt% which obtained at 8 wt% concentration of NaOH and at cooling bath temperature of -20oC. In order to enhance the cellulose fibers dissolution, the sample was pretreated with Fenton's reagent which consists of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). This reagent reacts with cellulose fibers and produces free radicals which increase cellulose dissolution. In this work three variables were studied: cooling bath temperature (-15oCand-20oC), NaOH concentration (4%, 6%, 8% and12%) and time of Fenton's reagent treatment (1-48) hrs. The results showed that the best percent of cellulose dissolution was (42 wt %) which occurred at treatment time (24 hours), temperature (-20oC) and NaOH concentration 8%. In another set of experiments urea was added to NaOH solution as a catalyst with proportion (6%NaOH+4% urea) at two temperatures -15 and -20 oC. The results show that the solubility of cellulose increase to 62% for the sample which treated with Fenton's reagent and to 35% for the untreated sample, both values were obtained at -15oC.

Ethanol effect associated with hydrothermal treatment on ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango’s quality

One of the great challenges of the mango production chain is the maintenance of post-harvest quality of this fruit for export with a focus on food safety. This study evaluated the effect of the hydrothermal treatment associated to ethanol on mango’s quality. Two tests were performed, in both were used ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes. In the first one, the heat treatment consisted of immersing the fruits in a bath at 46.1 °C / 75 minutes with ethanol concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 20% v / v, then a cooling bath at 21.1 °C / 30 minutes and stored at 25 °C. In the second, fruits were submitted to the baths, but with ethanol concentrations of 0, 3, 5 and 7% v/v, and stored at 25°C and 10°C. Physical-chemical and phytopathological analysis and percentage of mango rottenness were evaluated. Mangoes treated with more than 10% ethanol (stored at 25°C), or those treated at ethanol concentrations below 7% (stored at 10°C) did not show good external appearance. It was concluded that ethanol at the concentrations of 3, 5 and 7% v/v associated to hydrothermal treatment did not affect the quality parameters of the fruits stored at 25ºC, but these treatments decreased the mangoes shelf life, since these fruits matured faster and are not recommended for exportation.

THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE COOLING BATH THE GLASS MELTING FURNACE

The proposed additional system of cooling of the outer surface of the system evaporatortive cooling (SEC) the bathroom glass furnace that provides: a slowing of the destruction of refractory brickwork; a decrease in the surface temperature of SEC to 90 °C; the use of heat for needs of the enterprise; fuel savings; reduction of environmental pollution.

The Performance of Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Drills in Thermally Assisted Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

Drilling performances of diamond-like carbon coatings incorporating W (W-DLC) deposited on high-speed steel tools were evaluated when drilling Ti-6Al-4V at 25 °C and under thermally assisted machining (TAM) conditions at 400 °C. Dry drilling using W-DLC coated drills caused immediate tool failure as a result of titanium adhesion. The tool lives improved for TAM drilling using W-DLC when the Ti-6Al-4V was placed (with dry surface) in a cooling bath at −80 °C and resulted in low and uniform drilling torques as well as good surface finish. The low coefficient of friction (COF) of W-DLC against Ti-6Al-4V observed under TAM conditions was attributed to the formation of W oxide layers at the tool surface, as determined by Raman spectroscopy. Introducing a cooling bath was necessary in order to restrict the temperature rise in the workpiece that caused rapid tool wear above 500 °C during drilling operations and also to prevent adhesion with minimal built-up edge (BUE) formation during drilling. The TAM performance of W-DLC coated drills was shown to be similar to that of WC-Co drills used in conventional flooded drilling.