Marketing Class Consciousness in A Passage to India: A Marxist Analysis

The present paper is aimed to analyze the novel A Passage to India from the Marxist perspective. For the analysis, the major theoretical insights have been taken from Marxist critics including Luckas (1968) and Antonio Gramci (1988). The analysis is thematic in nature. Generally, we see that Marxist criticism takes in consideration that the capitalist society is divided into haves and haves not. Lucaks (1968) considers that Marxist ideology can be extended from mere class conflicts to the class and caste system, gender, and race also. Therefore, this analysis has been extended from the simple Marxist category of class conflicts to the exploitation of the underdeveloped and developed, colonizer and the colonized, religion as well. Gramscian model Marxist criticism considers ideology as superstructure and state apparatuses as discursive tools of exploitation. In relation to Marxist critique, we see that the relationship of both bourgeoisie and proletariat classes is parallel to the colonizer and colonized in imperialist conditions. At present Marxist criticism also includes slavery as an outcome of socio and economic un-equality. Marxist criticism counts religion as a marker of raising class consciousness. It has been found in the study that the English people and administrative were the men of resources in India. The English had exploited the Indians on account of being without resources. In the conclusion, A Passage to India as a piece of literature represents the ideological and class-based relations based on economic relations. Keywords: Marxist ideology, Class Conflict, Class Consciousness, Religion and Race

METHODS OF ANALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

The research discussed the analytical approaches that fall into the essence of product design analysis process, and the research focused on six basic approaches to analysis of industrial product design: (formal analysis method, functional analysis approach - pragmatism, structural analysis approach, semiotic analysis approach, Marxist analysis approach, and Anthropological analysis approach), and it was concluded that each of the proposed approaches intends to analyze industrial products based on the knowledge structure and intellectual references that define the approach. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: The process of analyzing industrial products is in fact a complex process, and it needs a lot of knowledge references to analyze the design product based on the fact that the design product is a complex entity and thus needs a comprehensive system that combines the proposed approaches to form a comprehensive approach to analyzes Industrial products according to it.

A Kòd Noua [Black Code/Cord] to tie up little pigs

The second chapter of Ti difé boulé explores the history of the infamous French colonial Code Noir, or Black Code, of 1685 and how it operated on slave society. With Grinn Prominnin arriving to discuss colonial times in Saint-Domingue, the book presents an outline of the hierarchies of power within the former French colony. The Black Code buttressed white plantation owners, the French commissioners, businessmen and foreign investors at the expense of the enslaved people who were permanently trapped in apocalyptic conditions. Trouillot conveys a Marxist analysis of the contradictions in the colonial system—ones that foreshadow the predatory reflexes of the Haitian state in the society that arose following the revolution (post-1804). Providing a broad panorama, the chapter argues that the enslaved population resiliently forged the Haitian Creole language and Vodou religion, forming, for Trouillot, the two great coherencies that form the bedrock of subsequent Haitian resistance. While Creole and Vodou represent the surging enslaved proletariat, Trouillot describes the forced conversion of enslaved people to Catholicism as a means of “easing” the consciences of colonists. The final sections explore the Black Code’s carefully calibrated delineations between enslaved people, black and mulatto freedman, and whites. Trouillot riffs on the interplay between the term kòd, which means both “code” and “cord”, to capture the dynamics of legal strangulation that the Black Code put into place. Like a kite in a hurricane, the enslaved people were finally able to slit the Code/cord that kept them in bondage in 1791, the year that sparked the revolution.

Class Struggle in “The God of Small Things” by Arundhati Roy (A Marxist Analysis of the Novel)

The aim of this study is to give a glimpse of class conflict depicted in the novel of Arundhati Roy “The God of Small Things”. Arundhati Roy seems to show that Marx perception of life is not without faults, having this conception Marxists believe that the proletariat class is nothing to lose but their unity. In this perspective the predominant view is that proletariat class has no privileges in India and this is the basic purpose of the study to reveal that it creates a sense of insecurity in the minds of those who are less considered in that society and they are mostly behaved less than the level of human. This research highlights that in the conception of Marxism all the workers should be united and there should be equality in the society.

Algorithms and the End of Politics

This book is a timely analysis of the growing impact of digital technologies on populism in the US and beyond. Scott Timcke uses Marxist analysis to explore the way digital devices, social networks, data and algorithms, and the technology giants that lie behind them, are changing the way people think about politics and society.