Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves of the European Central Bank

The aim of the article is to analyze the foreign exchange reserves of the European Central Bank and the methods of their modern management. As a result of the study, it was proven that when implementing foreign reserve management policy, the European Central Bank and national central banks should pursue the objectives of the current monetary policy for future generations. Foreign exchange reserves are a special good that only the current generation and the current government cannot use. The character of the article implies different research methods: analysis of the sources of law, legal dogmatic, comparative dogmatic method. The analysis carried out as part of the study indicates that management of foreign exchange reserves of ECB has an impact on intergenerational justice.

Blockchain Technology for Trustworthy Operations in the Management of Strategic Grain Reserves

Food is a daily requirement for everyone, while production patterns are seasonal. Producing sufficient nutrients is becoming more difficult because water and soil resources are already stressed and are becoming increasingly strained by climate change. Improving food security requires expertise in various areas, including sophisticated climate models, genetics research, market and household behaviour modelling, political shock modelling, and comprehensive environmental research. Additionally, governments stockpile grains to enhance national food security. These reserves should engage in markets only according to clear and transparent regulations and within defined price ranges to facilitate market functioning. It increases the demand for better technology in public administration to boost the management and distribution capacity while concentrating on improved controls and transparent governance systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising technology to enhance visibility, transparency, and data integrity with an immutable distributed ledger to increase trust in the parties’ business transactions. This paper discusses blockchain technology and its potential role in strategic grain reserve management.

Factors Influencing the Level of Local Participation in Planning and Management of the Planned Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria

The participation of the local population in the planning and management of biosphere reserves is one of the preconditions for success. While numerous studies underpin its importance, few studies have addressed to what extent participation is desired by local residents and which factors determine the level of participation. A postal survey among local residents (n = 449) explored factors influencing their willingness to participate in the planning and management of the Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria before it was officially recognised by UNESCO. By applying the “Theory of Planned Behaviour”, the study found a high willingness to be involved among the local population, but a considerable variance as to what extent. Regression models showed a strong influence of perceived behavioural control and the social environment, whereas the factors identified in previous studies were less relevant. The results show that the readiness to become active seems to be higher than expected by local bodies and more linked to the design of the participatory process or other barriers. The results support the biosphere reserve management in developing appropriate participatory approaches to maximise satisfaction with participation and management success.

CAPITAL RESERVE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC COMPANIES: ACCOUNTING TOOLS AS INFORMATION FUNCTION OF TARGET MECHANISM

The purpose of the article is to present the financial and economic content and purpose of capital reserves, insurance funds to ensure future costs and payments as the main components of the reserve system of public companies. The methods of theoretical and comparative analysis allowed to expand the view of the objects of reservation in the global space by comparing the norms of international standardization of financial reporting and the mandatory requirements of individual states in the field of reservation. The research methodology covers the analysis of reserved sources for Ukrainian and global companies in the context of the large-scale socio-economic crisis caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a comparative assessment of the potential of reserve sources of surveyed companies, reservation in today’s crisis economy and in the foreseeable future is one of the most necessary and important means of ensuring the stable operation of socially significant companies. The study of regulatory norms of different states and principles and norms of standardization of public financial reporting led to the conclusion that for internal management purposes and market counterparties and public administration in the face of increasing unpredictability and depth of risk requires a more detailed and reliable information base on existing modern companies reserved funds to overcome the risks of loss (reduction) of capital. The practical consequences of weak imperatives on the obligation to create reservation facilities have been reflected in the allocation of subsidies from the state budgets of different countries to commercial structures in many areas of the economy. The existing issues actualize multi-vector developments in the system of interdisciplinary research, which substantiates the scientific legitimacy and relevance of our study. The results of analytical and logical approaches in assessing the state of backup support for Ukrainian and well-known international companies became the basis for obtaining evidence and arguments in formulating the parameters of adequate information for the current needs of targeted management of backup processes. The methods of verification of reserve system components proposed in this study can be used to establish general trends in the development of information parameters (accounting and public reporting system) in the field of reserve management and future losses (reduction) of capital of modern public companies.