Potential Role of Soluble Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 as Therapeutic Agents in Stroke and Brain Hemorrhage

Hemolysis is a physiological condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) lyse, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. Hemolysis can be a manifestation of several diseases and conditions, such as sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and trauma. Heme and hemoglobin are among the unique contents of RBCs that are released into the environment. Although these contents can cause oxidative stress, especially when oxidized in the extracellular environment, they can also initiate a proinflammatory response because they bind to receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. This review seeks to clarify the mechanism by which TLRs initiate a proinflammatory response to heme, hemoglobin, and their oxidized derivatives, as well as the possibility of using soluble TLRs (sTLRs) as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review explores the possibility of using sTLRs in hemorrhagic disorders in which mitigating inflammation is essential for clinical outcomes, including hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

ELEVATED IL-8 LEVELS AS A PREDICTOR OF HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

The aim of the study was to find the relationship between changes in the level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and changes in the main indicators of the blood coagulation system.

Bleeding Time in Different Blood Groups and Genders In Hawija Technical Institute Students

In medicine, blood groups play an active role. A noticeable relationship is observed linking ABO with the Wilbrand factor and vWF deficiency which results in hemorrhagic disorders, while increased levels are a risk factor for blood clotting. Previous investigations found that individuals in group O have long hemorrhageand blood clotting time. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the bleeding time relationship with the different blood groups and sex also. This cross-sectional study includes 95 students aged between 18 and 20 years. Permission has been takenfrom the students participated in this study before the bleeding time (the method of filter paper for Duke) was determined.The obtained results showed a longer time of bleeding among the AB group. Moreover, the bleeding time is longer in women than men. For more results, it is necessary to involve a larger research group.