Retorika Deliberative: Komunikasi Marah Marah Pejabat di Ruang Publik

Seorang pemimpin memiliki peran strategis dalam memimpin organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. Pemimpin diharapkan memiliki gaya komunikasi yang bisa diterima oleh semua anggota elemen organisasi. Padahal, gaya retorika komunikasi seorang pemimpin dipengaruhi oleh berbagai situasi dinamis yang dihadapinya dalam memimpin organisasi, sehingga adakalanya dia tampil dengan gaya komunikasi yang temperamental atau marah-marah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali lebih dalam gaya retorika pemimpin organisasi yang juga pejabat publik dan bersikap tempramental dalam berkomunikasi kepada khalayaknya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menerapkan teori retorika Aristoteles dan social judgement theory sebagai pisau analisisnya. Temuan studi ini adalah, pejabat publik menggunakan gaya retorika deliberative dalam berkomunikasi dengan khalayaknya di ruang publik. Sebagian audience bisa menerima gaya retorika pejabat publik tersebut (latitude of acceptance), namun ada yang menolak (latitude of rejection), dan ada yang menyatakan tidak menghiraukannya (latitude of noncommitment).

EKSPLORASI KONDISI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMILIH BELANJA ONLINE MELALUI SHOPEE SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

Berbelanja online sebagai gaya hidup baru sudah tidak asing lagi di tengah masa pandemi Covid-19. Munculnya beragam platform e-commerce di tengah masyarakat Indonesia sudah menjadi alternatif baru yang memudahkan pola perilaku belanja masyarakat saat ini. Bahkan beberapa tahun terakhir, banyak hasil survei yang menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat sudah beralih dari belanja secara konvensional atau tatap langsung dengan produsen, menjadi belanja online melalui smartphone mereka. Salah satu lembaga yang melakukan survei tersebut adalah iprice.co.id. Dalam situs tersebut ditemukan fakta bahwa sebanyak 175,4 juta penduduk Indonesia merupakan pengguna aktif Internet. Bahkan ada kenaikan sebesar 17 persen atau sebanyak 25 juta yang menjadi pengguna internet jika dibandingkan tahun 2019. Dan salah satu situs belanja online yang sering diakses oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah Shopee. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif eksploratif ini akan membahas gambaran kondisi masyarakat dalam memilih belanja online melalui Shopee selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Proses penelitian ini dengan mengeksplorasi judul penelitian berdasarkan konsep Three Latitudes in Social Judgement Theory.

Perception of Body Image Among Sportspersons

Relationship between body and self-image is a well-known and frequently investigated process. Most especially among athletes, this area has been accentuated till the last decades in the literature. This paper focuses on investigating the attitude of people engaged in sports on a regular basis by concentrating primarily on the perception of their body image, the type and form of sport activities, and the consumption habits of food supplements. After a short literature review, the results of the primary research are introduced. People who took part in the research are engaged in sports on a regular basis, and they do sport activities at least once a week on their own free will. Paper Assisted Personal Interviews (PAPI) was used, primarily concentrating on the attitudes of the respondents. During the research, the following conclusions were made: subjectively perceived “normal” body shape category moving higher and the social judgement of overweight became more and more accepted. Owing to the ideal body shape presented by the consumer society, slimmer people want to become thicker while people with a stronger shape want to become leaner. Hence a social problem come into being that only exist in the athlete’s mind. This phenomenon can fundamentally base the headway of food supplements since the producers offer solutions to all segments’ real or putative problems. The mostly unreal body ideals boost the dissatisfaction of people towards their own bodies. Producers and distributors of food supplements not only emphasize and draw their customers’ attention to the imperfection of their shape, but they also offer a solution to their real or putative problems. The more the consumer is hesitating, the more favourable it is for the producer as the possibility of purchasing is greater.

PAYING FOR LEGITIMACY? THE SIGNALLING EFFECT OF MONETARY REWARDS IN INNOVATION CONTESTS

Monetary rewards have become widely used to compensate user engagement in innovation contests. Building on literature on social judgement of organisations, we provide evidence on another important effect of monetary rewards in innovation contests, namely a signalling effect that may either enhance or lower a contest host’s legitimacy and subsequently users’ willingness to participate in the contest. Along three studies, we show that the signalling effect is especially beneficial for the innovation contest purposes that are incongruent with the host’s organisational stereotype, i.e., in cases where she lacks specific organisational traits that constitute users’ perception of organisational legitimacy. Offering a higher monetary reward in such a scenario allows hosts to overcome a lack of legitimacy and consequently foster user participation.

FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI EKSPRESI EMOSI ANAK DENGAN INDIKASI DISLEKSIA YANG MENJALANI TERAPI SENI EKSPRESIF

Limited reading and writing abilities in children with dyslexia make it difficult for them to succeed academically when given a typical learning method. In addition to difficulties in the academic field, children with dyslexia also experience difficulties in their psychosocial functioning. Emotional problems become "secondary handicaps" which often occur in children with dyslexia and will cause psychological disorders if not treated early. Children who show indications of dyslexia need to be given appropriate emotional guidance to obtain the emotional competence needed to enable them to express emotions in a healthy manner. Interventions in the form of expressive art therapy were given to six participants; children aged 8 to 9 years who were diagnosed with dyslexia. Each participant has received six art therapy sessions and completed the Emotion Expression Scale for Children (EESC) measuring instrument as the pretest and posttest. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that influenced the effectiveness of expressive art therapy results on emotional expression in children with dyslexia. This paper will focus on analyzing the interview results from six participants and their main caregiver. Data collection was carried out qualitatively through individual interviews. The results of the qualitative thematic analysis showed that increasing EESC scores on participants can be explained by two main factors. First, emotion coaching received from the environment. Second, the social judgement perceived by the participants. Differences in comorbidities, cultures, and conditions of participants during interventions might influence the results of this study. Keterbatasan kemampuan membaca dan menulis pada anak dengan disleksia membuat mereka sulit untuk berhasil secara akademis ketika diberikan metode belajar yang tipikal. Selain kesulitan di bidang akademik, anak-anak dengan disleksia juga mengalami kesulitan dalam fungsi psikososial mereka. Permasalahan emosional menjadi “secondary handicap” yang seringkali muncul pada anak dengan disleksia dan akan menyebabkan gangguan psikologis jika tidak ditangani sejak dini. Anak disleksia perlu diberikan bimbingan emosional yang tepat untuk memperoleh kompetensi emosional yang diperlukan agar mereka mampu mengekspresikan emosi dengan cara yang sehat. Dalam riset ini, intervensi berupa terapi seni ekspresif telah diberikan terhadap enam partisipan, yaitu anak berusia 8 hingga 9 tahun yang terdiagnosis disleksia. Setiap partisipan telah melakukan enam sesi terapi seni dan menyelesaikan alat ukur Emotion Expression Scale for Children (EESC) sebagai pretest, juga posttest. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas terapi seni ekspresif terhadap ekspresi emosi pada anak dengan disleksia. Penelitian ini akan berfokus menganalisis hasil wawancara dengan keenam partisipan dan pengasuh utama mereka. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui metode wawancara individual. Hasil analisis tematik kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan skor EESC pada partisipan dapat dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor utama. Pertama, pengajaran emosi yang diterima dari lingkungan. Kedua, penilaian lingkungan sosial yang dipersepsikan oleh partisipan. Perbedaan dalam komorbiditas, budaya, dan kondisi partisipan selama intervensi juga dapat menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi hasil penelitian ini.

When are heterosexual men passive or compassionate towards gay victims of hate crime? Integrating the bystander and social loafing explanations

Compassionate feelings for people who are victimised because of their perceived sexual deviance (e.g., gay men) may be incompatible with support for heterosexual norms among heterosexual men. But, passivity (even indifference) towards such victims could raise concern over heterosexual men’s gay-tolerance attitude. Two classic social psychological theories offer competing explanations on when heterosexual men might be passive or compassionate towards gay victims of hate crime. The bystander model proposes passivity towards victims in an emergency situation if other bystanders are similarly passive, but compassionate reactions if bystanders are responsive to the victims. Conversely, the social loafing model proposes compassionate reactions towards victims when bystanders are passive, but passivity when other bystanders are already responsive toward the victims’ predicament. We tested and found supportive evidence for both models across two experiments (Ntotal = 501) in which passivity and compassionate reactions to gay victims of a purported hate crime were recorded after heterosexual men’s concern for social evaluation was either accentuated or relaxed. We found that the bystander explanation was visible only when the potential for social evaluation was strong, while the social loafing account occurred only when the potential for social evaluation was relaxed. Hence, we unite both models by showing that the bystander explanation prevails in situations where cues to social evaluation is strong, whereas the social loafing effect operates when concern over social judgement is somewhat relaxed.

Pengalaman komunikasi orang tua dengan anak yang mengalami gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi di kabupaten Semarang

Anak penderita gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi seringkali ditolak oleh keluarga untuk kembali ke rumah dan di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat tidak diakui keberadaannya. Hal ini karena stigma masyarakat yang masih menganggap anak penderita gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi sebagai anak yang memiliki gangguan sehingga tidak mudah bagi orang tua untuk melakukan komunikasi bahkan enggan menerima kembali anak tersebut. Berdasarkan fenomena di atas penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengalaman komunikasi orang tua dengan anak yang mengalami gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi di Kabupaten Semarang. Paradigma yang digunakan adalah paradigma konstruktivis dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara mendalam yang didukung dengan observasi dan studi pustaka. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga informan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Pertukaran Kasih Sayang dan Teori Pertimbangan Sosial. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengalaman komunikasi orang tua dengan anak penderita gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi unik dan dinamik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah informan I memiliki pengalaman komunikasi dengan cara komunikasi non-verbal, informan II sang anak yang dapat berbicara seperti sebelum mengalami gangguan jiwa namun mengalami penurunan kualitas komunikasi, serta anak dari informan III cara berkomunikasinya adalah dalam tindakan. Dalam penilaian sosial atau stigma negatif yang melekat di dalam masyarakat terhadap anak penderita gangguan jiwa pasca rehabiltasi dikatakan hilang atau tidak berlaku jika sang anak mampu berbaur, kembali bersosialisasi ke dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini hanya mewawancarai orang tua yang memiliki anak penderita gangguan jiwa pasca rehabilitasi tanpa mewawancarai anak maupun masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan dengan mewawancarai kedua belah pihak.�Kata Kunci: pengalaman komunikasi, gangguan jiwa, pasca rehabilitasi�AbstractChildren with mental disorder after rehabilitation are often rejected by their family whenever they come back to their home as well as to their social life. This phenomenon can be caused by the social stigma which assumes mental disorder children who had post-rehabilitation still have mental disorder so it is not easy for their parents to communicate. They even do not want to accept their children come back. Based on the phenomenon above, the research aims to find out the communication experience among parent and children with mental disorder who had post rehabilitation in Semarang Regency. This research was conducted through constructivist paradigm with descriptive qualitative research method and phenomenology approach. The techniques of data collection were in-depth interview technique supported with observation and literature reviews. The subjects in this research were three informants. The study employed two theories, i.e. Affection Exchange and Social Judgement. The study concludes that communication experience of parents and children with mental disorder who had post rehabilitation is unique and dynamic. The results of this research were informant I had communication experience using non-verbal communication, informant II had a communication experience with the child who could speak as before he got mental disorder, but the communication quality has decreased, and informant III had the communication experience using acts. The social assessment or negative stigma which exist in society through children with mental disorder who had post rehabilitation is not valid if the children could interact and socialize throughout social life. The research is only limited to interview the parents who have children with mental disorder who had post rehabilitation and has no interview neither their children nor the society. Therefore, it is suggested the next research could be expanded by interviewing both of the children with mental disorder who had post rehabilitation or the society.�Keyword: communication experience, mental disorder, post rehabilitation

Experiential marketing, social judgements, and customer shopping experience in emerging markets

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of experiential marketing modules, service quality and social judgement on experiential values of young customers. The paper also investigates the effects of experiential values on customer satisfaction (CS) and post-purchasing behaviour. In addition, the paper intends to strengthen the shift in marketing paradigm and to provide insightful enhancements to the literature. Design/methodology/approach An instrument was developed to measure how strategic experiential module (Schmitt, 1999), social judgement module (Rosenberg et al., 1968) and service quality perceptions of customers influence functional and emotional values. Primary data were gathered through surveying 402 respondents in order to diagnose young customers’ experiences in popular coffee stores in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The constructs and their interrelationships were examined based on partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings The results of PLS-SEM were found to be adequate in terms of validity and reliability. The results revealed that some of experiential modules and service quality have positive stimuli on experiential values. These contributions postulate an impetus for potential exploration in numerous service settings. Originality/value The study assesses the effect of shopping experiences of young customers on experiential values, social judgement, CS and post-purchase shopping attitudes. It is anticipated that by filling this gap, this study will assist in strengthening marketing strategies, which requires an alteration in the existing business atmosphere. The suggestions and results for future research are discussed in detail accordingly.