Intraoperative vascular complications during 2278 cerebral endovascular procedures with multimodality IONM: relationship between signal change, complication, intervention and postoperative outcome

BackgroundIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is often used during cerebral endovascular procedures.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between intraoperative vascular complications and IONM signal changes, and the impact of interventions on signal resolution and postoperative outcomes.MethodsA series of 2278 cerebral endovascular procedures conducted under general anesthesia and using electroencephalography and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring were retrospectively reviewed. A subset of 763 procedures also included motor evoked potentials (MEPs). IONM alerts were categorized as either a partial attenuation or complete loss of signal. Vascular complications were subcategorized as due to rupture, emboli, instrumentation, or vasospasm. Odds ratios (ORs) for new postoperative motor deficits were calculated and diagnostic accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.ResultsThe overall incidence of new postoperative motor deficit was 1.2%; 20.4% in cases with an IONM alert and 0.09% in cases without an alert. Relative to procedures with no alerts, odds of a new deficit increased if there was partial signal attenuation (OR=210.9, 95% CI 44.3 to 1003.5, p<0.0001) and increased further with complete loss of signal (OR=1437.3, 95% CI 297.3 to 6948.2, p<0.0001). Relative to procedures with unresolved alerts, odds of a new deficit decreased if the alert was fully resolved (OR=0.039, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.306, p<0.002). Procedures using MEPs had slightly higher sensitivity (92.3% vs 85.7%) but slightly lower specificity (96.7% vs 98.2%).ConclusionsAn IONM alert associated with an arterial complication is associated with a dramatic increase in odds of a new postoperative deficit; however, if there is resolution of the alert prior to closure, odds of a new deficit decrease significantly.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided thrombin injection in the management of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm (PSA): A case report and review of literatures

Pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation is the most common arterial complication of endovascular procedures requiring arterial puncture. The present study reported a case of a 72-year-old male patient with iatrogenic femoral artery PSA treated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - guided thrombin injection. Conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS were used to diagnose, guide treatment, and evaluate the treatment efficacy. In the case, the PSA was successfully occluded with 1000 IU of thrombin. During the follow-up after 48 hours of thrombin injection, US found that the PSA had complete thrombosis without arterial supply. No complications occurrence in the course of the treatment. CEUS - guided thrombin injection for the treatment of PSA was effective and safety and the associated literatures were also reviewed.

Arterial complications in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case series

BackgroundThe Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders with several recognised types. Patients with a type of EDS have connective tissue abnormalities resulting in a varying degree of joint hypermobility, skin and vascular fragility and generalised tissue friability. Classical EDS (cEDS) typically occurs as a result of dominant pathogenic variants in COL5A1 or COL5A2. The cardinal features of cEDS are hyperextensible skin, atrophic scarring and joint hypermobility. Arterial complications are more characteristically a feature of vascular EDS although individual cases of arterial events in cEDS have been reported.MethodsA cohort of 154 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cEDS from the UK was analysed.ResultsSeven patients (4.5%) with a diagnosis of cEDS (four pathogenic, one likely pathogenic and two variants of uncertain significance in COL5A1) who had experienced arterial complications were identified. Arterial complications mostly involved medium-sized vessels and also two abdominal aortic aneurysms. No unique clinical features were identified in this group of patients.ConclusionThere is a possible increased risk of arterial complications in patients with cEDS, although not well-defined. Clinicians need to be aware of this possibility when presented with a patient with an arterial complication and features of cEDS. Long-term management in families with cEDS and a vascular complication should be individually tailored to the patient’s history and their family’s history of vascular events.

Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the least common form of TOS in adults. It is an entity that is associated with bony anomalies resulting in chronic subclavian artery compression. Most patients with arterial TOS are young adults presenting either with limb-threatening upper extremity ischemia or chronic symptoms suggestive of arterial insufficiency involving the extremity. Initial diagnostic evaluation involves chest radiography, which may reveal cervical or anomalous first rib. Catheter-based arteriography has a diagnostic as well as therapeutic role. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography, which are readily available, can be used in surgical planning. Treatment involves revascularization of the extremity, subsequent first rib resection, and possible reconstruction of the subclavian artery. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 45 references Key Words: arterial complication, brachial thromboembolectomy, cervical rib, costoclavicular space, first rib resection, pectoralis minor space, scalene triangle, subclavian artery stenosis, thoracic outlet syndrome

Abstract 44: Uveitis As An Important Ocular Sign To Help Early Diagnosis In Kawasaki Disease

Purpose: Atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) frequently leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Delayed diagnosis is associated with increased risk of coronary artery aneurysm. Anterior uveitis peaks about a week after the onset of fever. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in laboratorial findings including echocardiographic measurements, clinical characteristics such as duration of fever and treatment responses between KD patients with and without uveitis. Materials and Methods: 106 KD patients were studied from January 2008 to June 2013. Study group (n=28, KD with uveitis) was compared with control group (n=78, KD without uveitis). Laboratory data were obtained from each patients including complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Echocardiographic measurement and intravenous immunoglobulin responses were compared between two groups. Result: The incidence of uveitis was 26.4%. Neutrophil counts were higher in the uveitis group compared with the control group (64.3±15.8(х10 3 /mm 3 ) vs. 54.4±19.3 (х10 3 /mm 3 )). The age of patients was higher in the uveitis group compared with the control group (40.5±21.4 months vs. 33.4±29.3 months). ESR (43.3±27.2 mm/hr vs. 30.8±24.6 mm/hr) and CRP (8.1±6.1 mg/dL vs. 7.9±10.7mg/dL) were slightly increased in the uveitis group compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Coronary artery diameter was slightly increased in the uveitis group but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There were no significant differences in duration of fever, BNP, coronary arterial complication and treatment responses between the two groups. Conclusion: Uveitis is the one of the important ocular signs to diagnose incomplete KD. It is significantly associated with the patient’s age and neutrophil count but not with the other laboratory measurements, coronary arterial complication or treatment responses.

Acute Aortic Dissection Mimicking STEMI in the Catheterization Laboratory: Early Recognition Is Mandatory

Coronary malperfusion due to type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where timely recognition and treatment are mandatory. A 77-year-old woman underwent an acute evolving type A aortic dissection mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed: either thrombosis migrating from a previously treated giant aneurism of proximal left anterior descending or a local arterial complication due to left main stenting. Recognition of these occurrences in the catheterization laboratory is important to look immediately for surgery.