In Vitro Multiplication and NMR Fingerprinting of Rare Veronica caucasica M. Bieb

Micropropagation of rare Veronica caucasica M. Bieb. was achieved by successful in vitro cultivation of mono-nodal segments on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and then transferring the regenerated plants on hormone free basal MS medium for root development. In vitro multiplicated plants were successively acclimated in a growth chamber and a greenhouse with 92% survival. The number of plastid pigments and the total phenolics content in in vitro cultivated and ex vitro adapted plants were unchanged, and no accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by staining with 3-3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) fingerprinting allowed for the identification of the major alterations in metabolome of V. caucasica plants during the process of ex situ conservation. Iridoid glucosides such as verproside, aucubin and catalpol were characteristic for in vitro cultivated plants, while in ex vitro acclimated plants phenolic acid–protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid appeared dominant. The successful initiation of in vitro and ex vitro cultures is an alternative biotechnological approach for the preservation of V. caucasica and would allow for further studies of the biosynthetic potential of the species and the selection of lines with a high content of pharmaceutically valuable molecules and nutraceuticals.

Isolation, Characterization and Phytochemical Evaluation of Active Compound Coumarin from Oldenlandia corymbosa (Linn)

Medicinal plants have served through ages, as a constant source of medicaments for the exposure of a variety of diseases. Plants are known to provide cures for various human illnesses and are a rich source of phyto constituents having diversified pharmacological properties. Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.) (syn. Hedyotis corymbosa Lam., Thai name Ya-Lin-Ngu), a member of the family Rubiaceae, is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia. The decoction of whole plants is used in traditional medicine for antipyretic purposes to decrease body temperature. Pharmacologically, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of plant extracts have been reported. This plant is well known to contain mainly iridoid glucosides. The whole plant contains reducing sugars, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids. The present aim of the study is to extraction and isolation of bioactive compound from Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.). The isolation and characterization analysis included, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, GC-MS and Spectroscopy studies (IR, NMR, and MASS). The presences of coumarin in the methanolic fraction revealed that the isolated constituent is most active compound. Isolation of bioactive compound coumarin may help in identification of various pharmacological activities and carrying out further research in Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.).

Two New Iridoid Glucosides from the Whole Plant of Patrinia scabiosifolia Link

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Patrinia scabiosifolia Link has been used to treat various inflammatory-related diseases, and recent studies have shown that it possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, phytochemical investigation on whole plants of P. scabiosifolia were carried out, which led to the isolation of two new iridoid glucosides, patriniscabiosides A (1) and B (2), together with six known compounds (3–8). The structural elucidation of all compounds was performed by HRESIMS and extensive spectroscopic analyses including IR, 1D, 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity using the NF-κB-Dependent Reporter Gene Expression Assay, and compound 3 displayed anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, with an inhibitory rate of 73.44% at a concentration of 10 μM.

Mechanistic Insight into Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Jasminum Species: A Herbal Approach for Disease Management

Drug resistance among microbial pathogens and oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species are two of the most challenging global issues. Firstly, drug-resistant pathogens cause several fatalities every year. Secondly aging and a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are associated with free radical generated oxidative stress. The treatments currently available are limited, ineffective, or less efficient, so there is an immediate need to tackle these issues by looking for new therapies to resolve resistance and neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. In the 21st century, the best way to save humans from them could be by using plants as well as their bioactive constituents. In this specific context, Jasminum is a major plant genus that is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The information in this review was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, websites, and databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total of 14 species of Jasminum have been found to be efficient and effective against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. In addition, 14 species were found to be active free radical scavengers. The review is also focused on the disorders related to oxidative stress, and it was concluded that Jasminum grandiflorum and J. sambac normalized various parameters that were elevated by free radical generation. Alkaloids, flavonoids (rutoside), terpenes, phenols, and iridoid glucosides are among the main phytoconstituents found in various Jasminum species. Furthermore, this review also provides insight into the mechanistic basis of drug resistance, the generation of free radicals, and the role of Jasminum plants in combating resistance and neutralizing free radicals.