Bandwidth-Based Wake-Up Radio Solution through IEEE 802.11 Technology

IEEE 802.11 consists of one of the most used wireless access technologies, which can be found in almost all consumer electronics devices available. Recently, Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have emerged as a solution for energy-efficient communications. WuR mechanisms rely on using a secondary low-power radio interface that is always in the active operation mode and is in charge of switching the primary interface, used for main data exchange, from the power-saving state to the active mode. In this paper, we present a WuR solution based on IEEE 802.11 technology employing transmissions of legacy frames by an IEEE 802.11 standard-compliant transmitter during a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) period. Unlike other proposals available in the literature, the WuR system presented in this paper exploits the PHY characteristics of modern IEEE 802.11 radios, where different signal bandwidths can be used on a per-packet basis. The proposal is validated through the Matlab software tool, and extensive simulation results are presented in a wide variety of scenario configurations. Moreover, insights are provided on the feasibility of the WuR proposal for its implementation in real hardware. Our approach allows the transmission of complex Wake-up Radio signals (i.e., including address field and other binary data) from legacy Wi-Fi devices (from IEEE 802.11n-2009 on), avoiding hardware or even firmware modifications intended to alter standard MAC/PHY behavior, and achieving a bit rate of up to 33 kbps.

IEEE 802.11ah-Enabled Internet-of-Drone Architecture

<div>IEEE 802.11ah is considered as a promising and scalable solution for connecting a large number of drones. With the support of sub-1GHz channel bands, relay, and group-based channel access mechanism, 802.11ah can help drone stations for collecting commands, sending data, and processing response to the control room. However, achieving required throughput and latency is still challenging due to high mobility and dynamic relaying requirement. This article proposes an IEEE 802.11ahbased Internet-of-Drones (IoD) architecture for surveillance and remote control. Our scheme predicts the location of a drone and places the required association and channel access configuration to a relay node dynamically. Moreover, the current mode of a drone station is switched to relay from station as per the location. The relay nodes use transmission opportunity (TXOP) with implicit acknowledgement to increase the efficiency of the network. The performance analysis shows significant improvement in terms of throughput and latency.</div>

IEEE 802.11ah-Enabled Internet-of-Drone Architecture

<div>IEEE 802.11ah is considered as a promising and scalable solution for connecting a large number of drones. With the support of sub-1GHz channel bands, relay, and group-based channel access mechanism, 802.11ah can help drone stations for collecting commands, sending data, and processing response to the control room. However, achieving required throughput and latency is still challenging due to high mobility and dynamic relaying requirement. This article proposes an IEEE 802.11ahbased Internet-of-Drones (IoD) architecture for surveillance and remote control. Our scheme predicts the location of a drone and places the required association and channel access configuration to a relay node dynamically. Moreover, the current mode of a drone station is switched to relay from station as per the location. The relay nodes use transmission opportunity (TXOP) with implicit acknowledgement to increase the efficiency of the network. The performance analysis shows significant improvement in terms of throughput and latency.</div>

An Adaptive Common Control Channel MAC with Transmission Opportunity in IEEE 802.11ac

Spectral utilization is a major challenge in wireless ad hoc networks due in part to using limited network resources. For ad hoc networks, the bandwidth is shared among stations that can transmit data at any point in time. It  is important to maximize the throughput to enhance the network service. In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-channel access with transmission opportunity protocol for multi-channel ad hoc networks, called AMCA-TXOP. For the purpose of coordination, the proposed protocol uses an adaptive common control channel over which the stations negotiate their channel selection based on the entire available bandwidth and then switch to the negotiated channel. AMCA-TXOP requires a single radio interface so that each station can listen to the control channel, which can overhear all agreements made by the other stations. This allows parallel transmission to multiple stations over various channels, prioritizing data traffic to achieve the quality-of-service requirements. The proposed approach can work with the 802.11ac protocol, which has expanded the bandwidth to 160 MHz by channel bonding. Simulations were conducted to demonstrate the throughput gains that can be achieved using the AMCA-TXOP protocol. Moreover, we compared our protocol with  the IEEE 802.11ac standard protocols.

Novel Multi-AP Coordinated Transmission Scheme for 7th Generation WLAN 802.11be

The demand for high-data-rate and time-sensitive applications, such as 4k/8k video streaming and real-time augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and gaming, has increased significantly. Addressing the inefficiency of distributed channel access and the fairness problem between uplink and downlink flows is crucial for the development of wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies. In this study, we propose a novel transmission scheme for IEEE 802.11be networks that addresses the fairness problem and improves the system throughput. Utilizing the concept of multi-AP coordinated OFDMA introduced in the 7th-generation WLAN IEEE 802.11be, the proposed transmission scheme allows an AP to share a granted transmission opportunity (TXOP) with nearby APs. A mathematically analysis of the throughput performance of the proposed schemes was performed using a Markov chain model. The simulation results verify that the scheme effectively improves the downlink fairness and the system throughput. Combined with the advanced multiuser (MU) features of IEEE 802.11ax, such as TUA, MU cascading sequence, and MU EDCA, the proposed scheme not only enhances downlink AP transmission, but also guarantees improved control over the medium. The scheme is carefully designed to be fully compatible with conventional IEEE 802.11 protocols, and is thus potentially universal.

Security-aware fair transmission scheme for 802.11 based cognitive IoT

Cognitive IoT is exponentially increased because of various real time and robust applications with sensor networks and big data analysis. Each IoT protocol of network layer can be RPL, COAP and so on based on IETF standards. But still collision problems and security-aware fair transmission on top of scalable IoT devices were not solved enough. In the open wireless LAN system based cognitive IoTs, IoT node that is continuously being stripped of its transmission opportunity will continue to accumulate packets to be sent in the butter and spoofing attacks will not allow the data transfer opportunities to be fair. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to reduce the average wait time of all packets in the system by dynamically controlling the contention window (CW) in a wireless LAN based cognitive IoT environment where there are nodes that do not have fair transmission opportunities due to spoofing attacks. Through the performance evaluation, we have proved that the proposed technique improves up to 80% in terms of various performance evaluation than the basic WLAN 802.11 based IoT.

Identification of Risk and Severity of Covid-19 Spread in Different Countries Worldwide

All transmission disease depends on the transmission opportunity or medium like humans in COVID-19. Due to globalization and regular movement of people from one country to another, spread of COVID 19 reached to 208 countries till May 10, 2020. For any society health is major concern for humanity as well as administration. Any pandemic is declared as and when it reached at a particular severity level and control vice versa. So, we have continued the daily COVID 19 cases analysis and segregated till May 10, 2020. We have included at least 25 countries for the analysis purpose due to limitation of number of observations in the analysis. Maximum number of day&rsquo;s data available for China is for 100 days, followed by Iran for 81 days, minimum number of days data is for 16 days for Western Sahara and Tajikistan.