chemical analysis techniques
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gillen ◽  
Jeffrey Lawrence ◽  
Edward Sisco ◽  
Matthew Edward Staymates ◽  
Jennifer R. Verkouteren ◽  
...  

Improvement of the particle collection efficiency of sampling wipes is desirable for optimizing the performance of many wipe-based chemical analysis techniques used for trace chemical screening applications. In this note,...


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Torri ◽  
Giuseppe Falini ◽  
Devis Montroni ◽  
Simona Fermani ◽  
Roberta Teta ◽  
...  

Abstract In order to understand the cutaneous water loss in the desert-adapted and venomous lizard Heloderma suspectum, the microscopic structure and lipid composition of epidermal molts have been examined using microscopic, spectroscopic and chemical analysis techniques. The molt is formed by a variably thick, superficial beta-layer, an extensive mesos-region and few alpha-cells in its lowermost layers. The beta-layer contains most corneous beta proteins while the mesos-region is much richer in lipids. The proteins in the mesos-region are more unstructured than those located in the beta-layer. Most interestingly, among other lipids, high contents of cholesteryl-β-glucoside and cholesteryl sulfate were detected, molecules absent or present in traces in other species of squamates. These cholesterol derivatives may be involved in the stabilization and compaction of the mesos-region, but present a limited permeability to water movements. The modest resistance to cutaneous water-loss of this species is compensated by adopting other physiological strategies to limit thermal damage and water transpiration as previous eco-physiological studies have indicated. The increase of steroid derivatives may also be implicated in the heat shock response, influencing the relative behavior in this desert-adapted lizard.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3776
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Landry ◽  
Peter J. Torley ◽  
Ewan W. Blanch

Aquaculture represents a major part of the world’s food supply. This area of food production is developing rapidly, and as such the tools and analytical techniques used to monitor and assess the quality of fish need to also develop and improve. The use of spatially off-set Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is particularly well-suited for these applications, given the ability of this technique to take subsurface measurements as well as being rapid, non-destructive and label-free compared to classical chemical analysis techniques. To explore this technique for analysing fish, SORS measurements were taken on commercially significant whole fish through the skin in different locations. The resulting spectra were of high quality with subsurface components such as lipids, carotenoids, proteins and guanine from iridophore cells clearly visible in the spectra. These spectral features were characterised and major bands identified. Chemometric analysis additionally showed that clear differences are present in spectra not only from different sections of a fish but also between different species. These results highlight the potential application for SORS analysis for rapid quality assessment and species identification in the aquaculture industry by taking through-skin measurements.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bhoj Raj Poudel ◽  
Ram Lochan Aryal ◽  
Lokjan Bahadur Khadka ◽  
Kedar Nath Ghimire ◽  
Hari Paudyal ◽  
...  

Aluminum loaded saponified Mango Waste i.e. Al (III)–SMW adsorbent, which functions as anion exchanger, was developed by loading Al (III) onto lime treated Mango waste biomass. The characterization of adsorbent was done by an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and chemical analysis techniques.  Elemental analysis showed an exchange of Ca (II) or K (I)  from SMW with Al (III) during loading reaction via cation exchange mechanism. Phosphate adsorption is strongly pH-dependent and maximum adsorption occurs at pH around 7– 9. The maximum uptake capacity of Al (III)–SMW for phosphate was found to be 3.28 mg/g from the Langmuir isotherm model. The residual concentration of phosphate was sharply decreased by increasing the amount of Al (III)–SMW and reached less than 0.07 mg/L (from 9.7 mg/L) with the use of only 6 g/L of Al (III)–SMW whereas higher than 7 g/L successfully removed 100% of phosphate from water. The adsorbed phosphate was successfully desorbed and the adsorbent was regenerated using dilute alkali solution. Therefore, the Al (III)–SMW adsorbent investigated in this research work is expected to be a potential material for the treatment of water polluted with a trace amount of phosphate from aqueous solution.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dar ◽  
Jason Behnke ◽  
Frieder Baumann ◽  
Tim Shepherd ◽  
Kok Hin (Rick) Teo ◽  
...  

Abstract Through inline processing of a prospective Spin on Hardmask (SOH) material, bubble defects were observed randomly across a wafer. Several complementary FA techniques were utilized to characterize the bubble defects including SEM, TEM, and chemical analysis techniques. The root cause of defect formation was identified as a raw material imperfection in SOH, which led to excessive outgassing. Imperfections within the substrate formed nucleation sites for outgassing of SOH material forming bubbles, which allowed voids to propagate. These findings led to implementation of greater quality control methods by the raw material manufacturer.


2016 ◽  
Vol 163 (10) ◽  
pp. A2149-A2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Waldmann ◽  
Amaia Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Michael Kasper ◽  
Niloofar Ghanbari ◽  
Frédéric Aguesse ◽  
...  

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