Identification of antioxidant components of Gayo Arabica Coffee Cascara using the GC-MS method

Approximately half of the coffee will become by-product in coffee processing. This by-product needs a special focus because of its content can be pollutant for nature. One of the coffee by product that underutilized is cascara, composed by pulp and husk. The major by-product of dry process is husk whereas pulp is the major by-product from wet process. Nowadays, there are various ways to utilize coffee by-product. Previous studies have shown that coffee has a potent antioxidant activity which can be a solution in dermatology problem. This research aims to identify the antioxidant component of coffee arabica husk and pulp of Gayo, Aceh Tengah, Aceh using GC-MS method. One of the compounds that identified in both coffee husk and pulp is caffeine. Caffeine is a potential natural antioxidant and it also has anticellulite effect to skin. The other compounds found in coffee husk and pulp also have benefit in dermatology. We conclude that coffee arabica husk and pulp can be a potential natural source to eradicate dermatologic problem.

Kajian Mutu Kimia Bubuk Kopi Espresso Aceh Berdasarkan Rasio Pencampuran Varietas Kopi Arabika dan Robusta dan Teknik Penyangraian

Generally there are two coffee varietes cultivated in Indonesia, known as Arabica and Robusta coffee. Arabica distinctively known for its distinctive quality but limited quantity compared to robusta which is commonly use for commercial coffee production due to its robust productivity. Nowadays, global market demand encourages a huge variety of coffee product, based on coffee such as espresso. The quality of espresso is influence by many factors such as roasting technique and ratio blending of coffee ground. This study aims to determine the influence of blending ratio and roasting techniqus to the chemical compounds of coffee ground and its espresso brewed. This research used Factorial Random Design, consists of 2 factors. First factor is ratio of blending Arabica and Robusta with three levels ratio; B1=70:30; B2=80:20; and B3=90:10). The second factor is roasting technique, consisting of 2 levels of conventional roasting(P1) and torrefacto (P2). Each treatment was repeated 3 replications to obtain 18 units of experiment. Measured parameters are pH of brewed espresso and moisture (%), ash (%), protein (%), lipid (%) and caffeine (%) contents of coffee ground. The results showed that the blending ratio was highly significant (P≤0,01) to the moisture and protein contents of coffee grounds and pH of resulted espresso. The best treatment was obtained from combination of B1P1 treatment (combination blending ratio (70%:30%) and conventional roasting) with 2.00% moisture content, 4.83% ash, 13.04% protein, 10.41% fat, 81.17% carbohydrate and caffeine 1.49%.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL SCRUB WAJAH SERBUK BIJI KOPI ARABIKA (Coffee arabica) DENGAN KONSENTRASI KARBOPOL 940 SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

INTISARI Kopi merupakan tanaman yang kaya akan manfaat. Biji kopi arabika mengandung antioksidan yang dapat memberikan manfaat salah satunya mencegah kerusakan sel akibat paparan radikal bebas. Kopi arabika di formulasikan dalam bentuk gel scrub dengan gelling agent karbopol 940. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa konsentrasi gelling agent yang terbaik terhadap sifat fisika dan stabilitas sediaan gel srub biji kopi arabika (Coffee arabica) dan pada saat digunakan menyebabkan iritasi atau tidak. Metode penelitian eksperimental murni untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan tertentu dengan membandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan perlakuan. Evaluasi sediaan gel scrub meliputi evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan dan uji iritasi terhadap 3 kelinci. Hasil evaluasi sediaan menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan gel scrub berbentuk gel dengan butiran berwarna hitam, berbau khas, homogen, stabil selama penyimpanan 6 siklus, nilai pH (4,5-7,8), daya lekat (2-300 detik), daya sebar (5-7 cm) dan viskositas (2000-4000 cp), uji iritasi pada kelinci menyebabkan reaksi kulit sedikit iritasi. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji one way anova menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar formula dengan nilai signifikasi (p< 0,05). Namun sediaan masih bisa dikatakan stabil dikarenakan masih berada pada rentang persyaratan. Kesimpulan gel scrub yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik dan menyebabkan reaksi kulit sedikit iritasi. Serbuk biji kopi arabika dapat diformulasikan sebagai sediaan gel scrub memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik pada formula IV dengan konsentrasi karbopol 940 2 %. dan stabil pada penyimpanan 6 siklus.

Selection of Elite Genotypes of Coffee arabica L. to Produce Specialty Coffees

This study aimed to evaluate the cup quality of Coffea arabica elite genotypes submitted to wet processing. C. arabica elite genotypes, which were grouped according to their genealogy: Bourbon, Paraíso Germplasm, and Resistant to Rust. Coffees were sent to wet processing to obtain fully washed coffee. After processing and drying the coffees were subjected to cup quality analysis according to the methodology of the Association of Special Coffees (SCA). To characterize and discriminate the genealogical groups the data were submitted to chemometric analysis, Principal Component Method (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PCA was effective in presenting an overview of the data, demonstrating the variables that most contributed to the analysis response. However, the PCA was not efficient to group genotypes according to their genealogical origin, based on chemometric data, as it is an unsupervised analysis. Even though most of the samples were classified correctly, the PLS-DA model created has not yet managed to correctly classify the genotypes of the Paraíso germplasm group. The C. arabica elite genotypes evaluated have the potential to produce special coffees, especially on the genotypes Paraíso 2, H493-1-2-10 and UFV-7158 with scores equal to or above 90 points.

The Effect of Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (Coffea arabica L.) on Increased PI3K Serum Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rat

BACKGROUND: Coffee arabica gayo leaf extract (Coffea arabica L.) contains polyphenols (chlorogenic acid), flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids which improved PI3K serum levels in rats type 2 diabetic rat. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (C. arabica L.) on increased PI3K serum levels in type-2 diabetic rat (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Thirty-five male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetic induced a combination of feeding a high-fat diet for 5 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were randomly divided into seven groups which consist of group without type 2 diabetic, group without type 2 diabetic with dose 250 mg/kg/day Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract, group with type 2 diabetic without intervention, group with type 2 diabetic with metformin, and group with type 2 diabetic with Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract doses 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg/day. The extract was administered orally for 30 days. Subsequently, PI3K serum levels were measure by Sandwich Elisa. RESULTS: There were significantly higher PI3K serum levels in the treatment groups than in the control groups (p = 0.037) after giving Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract 200 mg/kg/day and 250 mg/kg/day to rats for 30 days. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract can improve PI3K serum levels in a rat model type 2 diabetic.

The Decreasing of Homeostatic Model Assessment – Insulin Resistance Levels after Given Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (Coffea arabica L.) to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase with currently more than 463 million people in the world live with DM. One of the causes of Type 2 DM (T2DM) is insulin resistance. Determining laboratory-based tests for early identification of T2DM is important. One of the tests developed was the detection of homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. AIM: Using chlorogenic acid found in coffee leaves as antidiabetic agent for alternative treatments in DM, this research is conducted to understand the effect of Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (Coffea arabica L.) in decreasing HOMA-IR levels in T2DM rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) had T2DM induced using a combination of feeding a high-fat diet for 5 weeks followed by multiple intraperitoneal injections of low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kgBW), divided into 7 groups (2 groups that did not receive treatment [K1 and K3] and 5 groups that received treatment [K2, K4, K5, K6, K7]). The extract was administered with dosage 150, 200, and 250 mg/kgBW/day through a nasogastric tube for 30 days. Then, the HOMA-IR value will be obtained by multiplying fasting plasma insulin by fasting plasma glucose, then divide by a constant of 22.5. RESULTS: The study showed a significant difference before and after treatment, p value was < 0.05, which a decrease HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.002) after given Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract at 200 and 250 mg/kgBW/day to Wistar rats for 30 days. The decrease HOMA-IR levels are greater than The T2DM group that received metformin and group without treatment. CONCLUSION: Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract can significantly decrease HOMA-IR levels at a dose of 200 and 250 mg/kgBW. The decrease of HOMA-IR levels is greater than The T2DM group that received metformin and group without treatment.

Analisis Aktivitas Antosianin dari Buah Senggani (Melastoma candidum L.), Kulit Kopi (Coffea arabica L.), dan Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas L.) Sebagai Indikator Asam Basa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas senyawa antosianin dari ekstrak buah senggani (Melastoma candidum L.), kulit kopi (Coffee arabica L.), dan ubi jalar ungu (Ipomea batatas L.) sebagai indikator asam basa.Ekstrak ketiga sampel diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Pengujian ekstrak sampel untuk menganalisis aktivitas senyawa antosianin dilakukan dengan menggunakan Buffer pH 1-12. Pengujian ekstrak sampel sebagai indikator asam basa dilakukan dengan cara titrasi. Pada pengujian aktivitas senyawa antosianin, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah senggani pada pH 4-5 tidak berwarna, ekstrak kulit kopi pada pH 1-5 berwarna merah, sedangkan pada pH 6-12berwarna biru, bahkan tidak berwarna, serta ekstrak ubi jalar ungu pada pH 1-9berwarna merah dan pada pH 10-12 berubah menjadi warna hijau. Pada pengujian ekstrak sampel sebagai indikator alami, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada titrasi asam lemah-basa kuat menggunakan CH3COOH 0,1 M dan 50 mL NaOH 0,1 Masing-masing ekstrak mengalami titik akhir titrasi yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 14 mL,25 mL, dan 27 mLuntuk ekstrak buah senggani, kulit kopi, dan ubi jalar ungu; sedangkan pada titrasi asam kuat-basa kuat menggunakan HCl 0,1 M dan 50 mL NaOH 0,1 M masing-masing ekstrak mengalami titik akhir titrasi yang berbeda-beda pula, yaitu 19 mL, 23 mL, dan 22 mLuntuk ekstrak buah senggani, kulit kopi, dan ubi jalar ungu, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak buah senggani (Melastoma candidum L.), kulit kopi (Coffee arabica L.), dan ubi jalar ungu (Ipomea batatas L.)mengandung antosianin yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami pada titrasi asam-basa yang sifatnya ramah lingkungan, murah, dan tidak beracun.