Biomass and Carbon Stock in the Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Dang District Nepal

The study was conducted to find the net carbon stock in the Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Bagdaila Chisapani community forest of Dang district, Nepal. The inventory was done by a stratified sampling technique with 0.5% sampling intensity taking into account the woody plants with ≥ 5cm DBH. A total of 49 sample plots of radius 8.94m and 5.64 were established to measure tree biomass and sapling biomass respectively in the forest. The mean above-ground carbon (AGC) was 160.4 t ha-1 and the mean below-ground carbon (BGC) was 24.1t ha-1. The mean total carbon stock in the study area was estimated to be 99.02 t ha-1; of which maximum carbon stock of 143.51 t ha-1 was found in block number 5. Sal was the major tree species in the CF. The biomass and carbon content in this forest is found quite low as compared to other studies in the Sal forest and other tropical forests which were due to the presence of tree stands of less diameter and height. This study would be helpful in the long-term management of forests, planning, and research purposes. The data from this study could also be taken as a reference document for the participation of community forests in carbon accounting under the REDD+ scheme in Nepal.

A Data Encryption and Approximate Recovery Strategy Based on Double Random Sorting and CGAN

The measurement data in the power system may be attacked and tampered during the transmission. For this problem, a data encryption and approximate recovery strategy based on double random sorting and CGAN is proposed. The double random sorting encryption algorithm is proposed based on the form of measurement data in plaintext. The randomness of pseudo-random number, random sequence and random sequence insertion will ensure the uncertainty of data block number, sorting order and insertion location of random sequence, which will definitely improve the security of measurement data. Besides, an approximate recovery strategy used to approximately recovery abnormal samples is proposed on the base of CGAN, which can ensure the accuracy of decryption. Finally, the feasibility, and effectiveness of the proposed method are analyzed on wind power and photovoltaic power historical dataset.

Block Mining reward prediction with Polynomial Regression, Long short-term memory, and Prophet API for Ethereum blockchain miners

The Ethereum blockchain is an open-source, decentralized blockchain with functions triggered by smart contract and has voluminous real-time data for analysis using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Ether is the cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum virtual machine is used to run Turing complete scripts. The data set concerning a block in the Ethereum blockchain with a block number, timestamp, crypto address of the miner, and the block rewards for the miner are explored for K means clustering for clustering miners with a unique crypto address and their rewards. Linear regression and polynomial regression are used for the prediction of the next block reward to the miner. The Long ShortTerm Memory (LSTM) algorithm is used to exploit the Ether market data set for predicting the next ether price in the market. Every kind of price and volume for every four hours is taken for prediction. The root mean square error of 34.9% is obtained for linear regression, the silhouette score is 71% for K-means clustering of miners with same rewards, with the optimal number of clusters obtained by Gap statistic method.

Comparing approaches to sciatic nerve blocks in dogs during tibial plateau-levelling osteotomy

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs receiving a sciatic nerve block by either the lateral or transgluteal approach. The secondary aim was to determine if there was a difference in ease of performing the nerve block. Forty-two client-owned dogs were used in this study. Sciatic nerve block was performed by the transgluteal approach (group A), or the lateral approach (group B) combined with a psoas compartment block. All blocks were performed using a nerve stimulator and 0.1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.5%, per block. The time taken to perform the sciatic nerve block, number of attempts, the current (mA), and intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements were recorded. Overall, 52% of dogs required methadone intraoperatively, with no difference between groups (P=0.516). Postoperatively, 24% in group A and 12% in group B required methadone (P=0.314). There was no difference in the time taken to perform the sciatic nerve block, current or the number of attempts between groups. Both approaches to the sciatic nerve block conferred similar levels of analgesia and may be used as part of a multimodal analgesic protocol for dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery.

Piston Failure Analysis on Four-Wheeled 1000cc Engine Cylinder Capacity

Pistons are one of the main components of a 1000 cc engine that functions as a pressure suppressor and a recipient of pressure combustion in the combustion chamber. In the examination of the 1000 cc sedan engine that has been operating for 30,000 hours found a rough sound on the engine and experienced loss compression on the cylinder block number 2. The purpose of the study was to obtain the factors causing the deformation of the piston 1000 cc sedan vehicles. The research method used is metallographic observation using ASTM E 3 and ASTM E 112, testing hardness using ASTM E 92 and SNI 19-0409-1989 and testing chemical composition using ASTM A 751. The results of research on piston damage can be seen that observation macrostructure proves that there is plastic deformation on the surface area of the piston material, the results of microstructure observation are known to occur microcrack on the top surface of the right side of the piston, there is no change in microhardness between the piston material in the deformed area with the deformed piston material hardness, piston material made of alloy Al-Si. In the area of the piston surface that experiences deformation, Mg2Si and Mg2Al3 compounds are formed, these compounds which cause microcrack on the piston's upper surface. Plastic deformation on the piston surface occurs due to a collision between the piston surface and the cylinder head due to the buildup of crust on the piston surface.

PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK PADA TANAH LIAT TERHADAP PRODUKSI RUMPUT RAJA (Pennisetumpurpuroides) SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA

This research aims to know the influence of the concentration of organic fertilizer of soil on the production of King grass (Pennisetumpurpuroides). This research using methods of randomized block design 3x2 treatment with 3 replicates. Treatment of I = K1L1 (clay fertilizer dose is 6 kg/plot), II treatment = K1L2 (clay fertilizer dose is 12 kg/plot), treatment of the III = K1L3 (clay fertilizer dose 18 kg/plot). The parameters observed were brangkas wet weight (height of plants, number of stem per block, number of leaves, stem diameter, heavy wet per block), heavy wet leaves and dry weight of leaves. The results of the study increased the wet weight and dry weight of K1L3 with an average weight of 3,200 grams and dry weight. 440.1 grams. Key Word : Organicfertilizer; soil type; production; king grass