Abstract. Atmospheric chemistry transport models are important tools to investigate
the local, regional and global controls on atmospheric composition and air
quality. To ensure that these models represent the atmosphere adequately, it
is important to compare their outputs with measurements. However, ground
based measurements of atmospheric composition are typically sparsely
distributed and representative of much smaller spatial scales than those
resolved in models; thus, direct comparison incurs uncertainty. In this
study, we investigate the feasibility of using observations of one or more
atmospheric constituents to estimate parameters in chemistry transport
models and to explore how these estimates and their uncertainties depend
upon representation errors and the level of spatial coverage of the
measurements. We apply Gaussian process emulation to explore the model
parameter space and use monthly averaged ground-level concentrations of
ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) from across Europe and the US.
Using synthetic observations, we find that the estimates of parameters with
greatest influence on O3 and CO are unbiased, and the associated
parameter uncertainties are low even at low spatial coverage or with high
representation error. Using reanalysis data, we find that estimates of the
most influential parameter – corresponding to the dry deposition process –
are closer to its expected value using both O3 and CO data than using
O3 alone. This is remarkable because it shows that while CO is largely
unaffected by dry deposition, the additional constraints it provides are
valuable for achieving unbiased estimates of the dry deposition parameter.
In summary, these findings identify the level of spatial representation
error and coverage needed to achieve good parameter estimates and highlight
the benefits of using multiple constraints to calibrate atmospheric
chemistry transport models.