Comparative study of learning styles of college students

The research approach of this article was to observe which were the main differences of opinions between the groups and their learning styles, the methodology used was quantitative, observational, descriptive and comparative. A standardized ILP-R instrument was used, evaluates four complementary dimensions related to learning styles and processes in academic study that we will comment on later: (Deep Processing, Methodical Study, Retention of Facts and Elaborative Processing).with a sample of 1412 university students; the statistical analyzes that were carried out were descriptive and comparative. The main conclusion of the study is that students with an average of 90 percent develop an interest in continuing to learn and discover not only academically but personally, they are more expressive to people, they tend to make minimum mistakes because they have confidence in everything they do, Likewise, if the student works while studies , that provides an ability to relate to others, but dedicating solely to study allows more space to enjoy daily learning and full dedication to academic growth.

Adaptive memory: Greater memory advantages in bilinguals’ first language

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: In this study, we examined memory performance in a bilingual population, in an effort to compare depth of processing and complexity across first and second languages. Design/methodology/approach: Complexity was investigated with a pleasantness rating task and an elaborative encoding, scenario-based rating task (i.e. rating words for their survival-relevance). Previous research found word recall largely benefited from an ancestral context that primed participants to think deeply about the survival-relevance of a list of concrete, neutral words. Engaging this more elaborative processing may lead to better memory if the human memory system is particularly tuned toward remembering survival-relevant materials. Data and analysis: Participants included 127 Spanish-English bilinguals, randomly-assigned to complete survival-relevance or pleasantness ratings in either Spanish or English. Aggregated language history data self-reported by participants (e.g. language-learning environments, age of acquisition, and so on), suggested an L1 of Spanish and L2 of English. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared word recall across these tasks and languages. Findings/conclusions: We hypothesized better recall performance collected from bilingual participants in the survival condition using their first, more often emotional, language. Our results support this hypothesis, with bilinguals replicating the memory advantage for words rated for their survival-relevance in Spanish (their L1), but not in English (their L2). Originality: While this paradigm has largely been studied with monolingual English-speakers, or in some cases, other languages, no study has explored its replicability in a Spanish-English bilingual population’s two languages. Significance/implications: These findings speak to the on-going effort to understand word processing and memory differences—particularly with regards to processing complexity—across bilinguals’ first and second languages.

Pain processing and antisocial behavior: A multi-modal investigation of the roles of threat sensitivity and affiliative capacity

Antisocial behavior has been linked to an increased tolerance of painful stimuli; however, there is evidence that pain behavior is multi-determined. The current study used pain measures from three different modalities (pain tolerance, pain ratings, electrocortical reactivity) and assessed threat sensitivity and affiliative capacity to clarify the basis of associations between pain processing and antisocial behavior. Low threat sensitivity was significantly associated with blunted early neural response to painful and nonpainful stimuli as well as increased pain tolerance. Low affiliative capacity was associated with blunted elaborative processing of painful images, lower ratings of perceived pain for self and others, and increased pain tolerance. Affiliative capacity also accounted for variance shared between pain processing and antisocial behavior. Findings demonstrate that threat sensitivity and affiliative capacity contribute to pain processing in different ways and suggest that low affiliative capacity may uniquely account for the association between blunted pain processing and antisocial behavior.

Divergent Thinking in Survival Processing: Did Our Ancestors Benefit From Creative Thinking?

The survival processing advantage is a robust mnemonic device in which information processed for its relevance to one’s survival is subsequently better remembered. Research indicates that elaborative processing may be a key component underlying this memory effect, and that this mechanism resembles divergent thinking, whereby words with a greater number of creative uses in a given scenario are better remembered. If this particular function underpins adaptive memory, then individual differences in creativity may play a part in the degree to which people benefit from this advantage. We expected that highly creative individuals who engage more in divergent thinking would not necessarily benefit to a greater degree than less creative individuals, due to potential redundant processing. In this between-subjects experiment, participants rated words according to their relevance to the typical grasslands survival scenario or according to their pleasantness (a control common to the survival paradigm and known to enhance memory). While we did find a main effect of both condition (survival v. pleasantness) and creativity (high v. low), there was no interaction. This set of findings suggests that creative individuals may not benefit to a greater degree in survival processing, despite their ability to think divergently.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy

Over the past two decades, investigations of mindfulness meditation have demonstrated considerable efficacy in reducing the symptom burden associated with a variety of medical and mental health disorders (Baer, 2003). This chapter reviews the theoretical basis for offering training in mindfulness meditation to these populations, and it outlines the structure of mindfulness-based interventions, as well as their impact on stress and psychological indices of mental and physical health. We first define mindfulness in terms of the core cognitive processes that are engaged through this practice and then review how mindfulness reduces ruminative and elaborative processing, factors known to perpetuate stress reactivity. From there, we describe the dominant theoretical model of mindfulness’s impact on stress-related disorders—the mindfulness stress-buffering account (MSBA; Creswell & Lindsay, 2014)—and highlight how using this framework can inform intervention science in the area of stress reactivity.

Proses Informasi pada Peringatan Kesehatan dalam Kemasan Rokok

Consumption of tobacco use is very high, no exception in Indonesia. Therefore, the government through the Ministry of Health decreed the regulation of health warning in the each cigarette package. The regulation includes the Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) and Health Information Message (HIM) which aims to reduce interest smoke. The purpose of this article is to examine more deeply about how an information process that occurs in health warnings on cigarette packaging can be conveyed to the smokers to reduce smoking. In explaining the process, The Author uses the concept of Attention and Message Processing, Elaborative Processing, Cognitive Response Theory, Fear Appeals and Fear Arousal. The result shows that on health warnings indicate that there is coherence between external stimuli (fear appeal) which described by Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) with cognitive meaning by smokers, so that can evoke fear in their self to quite smoking. Keywords : Pictorial Health Warning Label (PHW), Health Information Message (HIM), Attention and Message Processing, Elaborative Processing, Cognitive Respon Theory, Fear Appeals dan Fear Arousal

PERSONALITY AND LEARNING STYLE: EVIDENCE FOR BIG FIVE TRAITS

The study examined the relationships between Big Five traits and learning styles of college students. Participants were 360 undergraduate students who completed the NEO-FF) and the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP). While FFI measured the Big Five personality traits, the ILP measured student’s adoption of the four learning styles; Synthesis-analysis and Elaborative processing for reflective learning, and Methodical study and Fact retention for agentic learning. The data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regressions. The findings of the study were: (i) conscientiousness was positively and neuroticism was negatively associated with all four learning styles; (ii) both agreeableness and openness were positively associated with reflective learning styles; and (iii) extraversion is associated positively only with elaborative processing. The results of multiple regression analyses showed that respectively 37%, 26%, 35% and 9% of the variances of Synthesis-analysis, Elaborative processing, Methodical study and Fact retention were explained by the Big Five traits. The findings of study have implications for teachers in planning their instructions to the appropriateness of students’ personality trait.