Remembering Miramar, Forgetting Whātaitai

<p>Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington City has a long history dating back to legendary individuals, including Maui and Kupe. The harbour is dotted with sites associated with a history that has accumulated over several centuries. Colonial settlement concealed many of these pre-European sites with what is now Wellington City. Today many of these buildings that constitute Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington are considered heritage fabric or relics of the past. This thesis aims to examine and define such a context of a site’s past that is both concealed and concealing. The research breaks the past of the harbour down into two periods; Te Ao Tawhito (the old world) and Te Ao Hou (the new world), allowing for a segregated study of pre-European and post-European history. Many of these relics evoke, express or give insight into the past of Te Ao Hou. At times this history seems privileged due to the existence of relics. While methods such as preservation or restoration are valuable tools for a relic based design project, they do not address the matter of concealment. Two issues arise: Firstly, how could an intervention such as a mnemonic device express, evoke or give insight into the past that for numerous reasons are not presently interpretable at a site? Secondly, how could such an intervention interact with a relic that now remains on a site, as a valued vestige of the past? Part one of the thesis consists of project one, which is a design for a Japanese bath-house on Seatoun Ridge in Motu-Kairangi Miramar. This design attempts to evoke, express and give insight into an era of the past from Te Ao Tawhito. This period is not presently apparent or evoked at the site although the era of concern is well known and important. The purpose of this project is to explore analogy as a design method, which through referencing the past, allows a new building to act as a mnemonic device expressing, evoking or giving insight into Te Ao Tawhito. Part two follows with a second project consisting of three designs for an aquarium that explore how a mnemonic intervention could exist on a site that hosts a relic. Point Gordon on the northern tip of the peninsula was once a pa during Te Ao Tawhito and a military base during Te Ao Hou. This site is well suited for the second project because a relic of the latter period remains, subsequently concealing the ancient site of the former period. This project explores a metamorphic design method that allows a site to be developed while considering the following values of a relic: its original intent, its age value or its historic meaning. The metamorphic approach used in the second project juxtaposes, weaves or wraps a mnemonic intervention into the site, allowing the relic to be valued for either of the above qualities, which it may possess. The two projects have resulted in two design methods that could guide further design projects acknowledging a site’s layered histories whether interpretable or not. The thesis discusses three issues that are important to this research. Firstly, the past is considered as an important aspect of a communities culture, identity and well-being. Secondly, relics and mnemonic interventions are discussed as having equal value and special attention should not lay with relics. Lastly, the research reflects on how questions can be more valuable than terminology.</p>

Remembering Miramar, Forgetting Whātaitai

<p>Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington City has a long history dating back to legendary individuals, including Maui and Kupe. The harbour is dotted with sites associated with a history that has accumulated over several centuries. Colonial settlement concealed many of these pre-European sites with what is now Wellington City. Today many of these buildings that constitute Te Whanganui a Tara Wellington are considered heritage fabric or relics of the past. This thesis aims to examine and define such a context of a site’s past that is both concealed and concealing. The research breaks the past of the harbour down into two periods; Te Ao Tawhito (the old world) and Te Ao Hou (the new world), allowing for a segregated study of pre-European and post-European history. Many of these relics evoke, express or give insight into the past of Te Ao Hou. At times this history seems privileged due to the existence of relics. While methods such as preservation or restoration are valuable tools for a relic based design project, they do not address the matter of concealment. Two issues arise: Firstly, how could an intervention such as a mnemonic device express, evoke or give insight into the past that for numerous reasons are not presently interpretable at a site? Secondly, how could such an intervention interact with a relic that now remains on a site, as a valued vestige of the past? Part one of the thesis consists of project one, which is a design for a Japanese bath-house on Seatoun Ridge in Motu-Kairangi Miramar. This design attempts to evoke, express and give insight into an era of the past from Te Ao Tawhito. This period is not presently apparent or evoked at the site although the era of concern is well known and important. The purpose of this project is to explore analogy as a design method, which through referencing the past, allows a new building to act as a mnemonic device expressing, evoking or giving insight into Te Ao Tawhito. Part two follows with a second project consisting of three designs for an aquarium that explore how a mnemonic intervention could exist on a site that hosts a relic. Point Gordon on the northern tip of the peninsula was once a pa during Te Ao Tawhito and a military base during Te Ao Hou. This site is well suited for the second project because a relic of the latter period remains, subsequently concealing the ancient site of the former period. This project explores a metamorphic design method that allows a site to be developed while considering the following values of a relic: its original intent, its age value or its historic meaning. The metamorphic approach used in the second project juxtaposes, weaves or wraps a mnemonic intervention into the site, allowing the relic to be valued for either of the above qualities, which it may possess. The two projects have resulted in two design methods that could guide further design projects acknowledging a site’s layered histories whether interpretable or not. The thesis discusses three issues that are important to this research. Firstly, the past is considered as an important aspect of a communities culture, identity and well-being. Secondly, relics and mnemonic interventions are discussed as having equal value and special attention should not lay with relics. Lastly, the research reflects on how questions can be more valuable than terminology.</p>

The Apocalyptic Herbarium

Anselm Kiefer’s monumental Secret of the Ferns (2007) redirects the artist’s apocalyptic sensibility, honed in response to the Holocaust, to the slow violence of extinction. The installation adopts a foundational practice of early modern natural history: the herbarium’s preservation and presentation of dried, pressed plant specimens. It also mobilizes the symbolic associations of ferns, which Kiefer calls “the first plants” but which are reimagined in the gallery space as the last plants in a postapocalyptic future. The framed specimens hang in a massive hall, with two abandoned concrete bunkers spewing out coal in the center—an allusion to ferns as the source of fossil fuels. Coal appears again in the enigmatic charcoal inscriptions on the frames that allude to ferns’ rich associations with rituals of magic and transformation. The overall mood is of a temporality at the end of time, a proleptic elegy that anticipates the extinction of even the most common and resilient plants, and the human cultures associated with them. Transmuted from mnemonic device to vehicle of commemoration, Kiefer’s apocalyptic herbarium elicits grief and mourning—but also, perhaps, what Judith Butler has called “the transformative effect of loss.”

LINGUOPOETIC CLASSIFICATION OF PARALLELISM IN AZERBAIJAN AND ENGLISH

The article deals with the ways of classification of linguopoetic features of parallelism in the Azerbaijan and English languages. We present research on the classification of different forms of parallelism in the linguistics and poetry of both languages. So, parallelism in the poetry is firstly used as mnemonic device expressing different feeling then used as a term in linguistics. Its linguopoetic interpretation aids to find out different use, functions and types of parallelism. In the research of parallelism different classifications have been considered by linguistic scholars of both languages and in these classifications the most common types of parallelism and their use have widely been investigated.This article proposes an approach for handling such an issue that has different groups and sub-groups by classifying them into their respective categories based on all various types in both English and Azerbaijani. The collected data is analyzed by a means of quantitative approach. The findings not only facilitate the further understanding of classification of linguopoetic features of parallelism, but also provide learners and readers who engaged in issue with useful clues on types of parallelism they should implement. More importantly, the article is intended to give an insight to the characteristics of various linguopoetic types of parallelism, in order to ease grouping of all types effortlessly and fast.

MNEMONIC DEVICE (KALENDER) UNTUK PENGAYAAN LITERASI MUSIM MENUJU SUMBA BARAT DAYA YANG BERDAULAT PANGAN

Kedaulatan pangan adalah solusi bagi kelaparan. Namun demikian di Sumba Barat Daya, kondisi lapar tersebut berkelindan menyatu dengan perubahan kondisi alam, sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya. Pengadaan dan kecukupan pangan pun dibayangkan bertautan dengan kebutuhan untuk memenuhi kontrak-kontrak sosial dalam komunitas setempat, yaitu dengan moralitas yang ditampilkan melalui rangkaian ritual daur hidup sepanjang tahun. Kelindan pengadaan pangan, yang utamanya lewat kegiatan pertanian dan peternakan, dengan rangkaian kegiatan ritual ini diperlukan penataan agar hidup lebih terorganisir dan adaptif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Kelindan ini secara tradisional telah diantisipasi menggunakan berbagai macam media. Salah satu di antaranya adalah kalender musim yang di Sumba Barat Daya dan banyak tempat lain sudah terabaikan. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini menyajikan aplikasi kalender musim sebagai mnemonic device yang dapat membantu petani, untuk menemukenali kembali jiwa alam sehingga mereka dapat bertani selaras dengan irama alam. Selain itu, kalender musim menjadi sarana pencatatan mengenai tanda-tanda alam yang selama ini samar, sehingga petani mampu menyeimbangkan diri antara kepentingan pemenuhan komoditas dan juga pemenuhan kebutuhan hidupnya. Secara partisipatoris penelitian dilakukan selama tiga tahun, yaitu tahun pertama menghasilkan identifikasi masalah; tahun kedua menghasilkan rumusan model kedaulatan pangan, dan tahun ketiga berisi rangkaian workshop uji coba model. Artikel ini khusus mengulas bagaimana model kedaulatan pangan yang berupa mnemonic device itu diperkaya melalui serangkaian workshop, yang diikuti para pemangku kepentingan di Sumba Barat Daya serta komunitas mahasiswa Sumba yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pengayaan kalender musim ini diharapkan mempermudah serta memperluas aksesibilitas penggunanya secara lintas gender, usia, dan strata sosial. Apresiasi kalender musim akan menjamin petani insaf akan pentingnya mendahulukan kedaulatan pangan daripada gengsi sosial.

The Changing Memories of Jewish Budapest: Pre- and Post-Holocaust Representations of a City

Budapest was the home to one of the largest Jewish communities in the central European region before the Holocaust, and the history of the city becoming a metropolis at the turn of the twentieth century cannot be told without its Jewish inhabitants. This paper examines the scholarly established notion of the Jewish Budapest by including its modern history, literature, and the city's cultural heritage of architecture. The intersection of the several aspects establishes a conceptual framework that shows how the Jewish Budapest is considered a lively home before the Shoah, and remembered after the Shoah in a new light. The perception of Jewish Budapest presents itself as visible and invisible, and my line of investigation regards both as long as they are conveyed in the writings of Ernő Szép, Tamás Kóbor, Ferenc Molnár, Imre Kertész, and Susan Robin Suleiman. The memory of Budapest might be a colorful image turned into gray, yet eventually the artistic utterances after 1945 present the mnemonic device of a dual image of Budapest, resulting in a more complex vision.

Suicide Protective Factors: Utilizing SHORES in School Counseling

Recently, a mnemonic device, SHORES, was created for counselors to utilize with clients with suicidal ideation. The acronym of SHORES stands for Skills and strategies for coping (S); Hope (H); Objections (O); Reasons to live and Restricted means (R); Engaged care (E); and Support (S). In this manuscript, SHORES is introduced as a way for school counselors to address protective factors against suicide. In addition, the authors review the literature on comprehensive school suicide prevention and suicide protective factors; describe the relevance of a suicide protective factors mnemonic that school counselors can use; and illustrate the mnemonic’s application in classroom guidance, small-group, and individual settings.

The effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device: Meta-analysis

The “loci method” is a popular mnemonic device that involves visualising and recalling items at specific points along a familiar route. The loci method has been used for thousands of years, and by many successful memory athletes; yet there have been relatively few educational and clinical applications, possibly owing to empirical uncertainty. The current meta-analysis of 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) mostly based in university settings demonstrated the effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device, with a medium effect size ( g = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.45, 0.85]; I2 = 45.5%). The effect size remained at similar levels in further analyses adjusting for publication bias, the impact of removing each study, setting, control conditions, outliers, and number of loci method sessions. High risk of experimental bias was indicated, however, as the vast majority of studies did not report procedures to minimise biases relating to random sequence generation and allocation concealment. Overall, this meta-analysis of predominantly university-based RCTs has provided good initial support for the loci method as a mnemonic device and this may encourage future investigations and applications, particularly in educational settings, where it has the potential to improve recall of information relevant to academic success.

Divergent Thinking in Survival Processing: Did Our Ancestors Benefit From Creative Thinking?

The survival processing advantage is a robust mnemonic device in which information processed for its relevance to one’s survival is subsequently better remembered. Research indicates that elaborative processing may be a key component underlying this memory effect, and that this mechanism resembles divergent thinking, whereby words with a greater number of creative uses in a given scenario are better remembered. If this particular function underpins adaptive memory, then individual differences in creativity may play a part in the degree to which people benefit from this advantage. We expected that highly creative individuals who engage more in divergent thinking would not necessarily benefit to a greater degree than less creative individuals, due to potential redundant processing. In this between-subjects experiment, participants rated words according to their relevance to the typical grasslands survival scenario or according to their pleasantness (a control common to the survival paradigm and known to enhance memory). While we did find a main effect of both condition (survival v. pleasantness) and creativity (high v. low), there was no interaction. This set of findings suggests that creative individuals may not benefit to a greater degree in survival processing, despite their ability to think divergently.