scholarly journals Proses Informasi pada Peringatan Kesehatan dalam Kemasan Rokok

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yoma Bagus Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
The Government

 Consumption of tobacco use is very high, no exception in Indonesia. Therefore, the government through the Ministry of Health decreed the regulation of health warning in the each cigarette package. The regulation includes the Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) and Health Information Message (HIM) which aims to reduce interest smoke. The purpose of this article is to examine more deeply about how an information process that occurs in health warnings on cigarette packaging can be conveyed to the smokers to reduce smoking. In explaining the process, The Author uses the concept of Attention and Message Processing, Elaborative Processing, Cognitive Response Theory, Fear Appeals and Fear Arousal. The result shows that on health warnings indicate that there is coherence between external stimuli (fear appeal) which described by Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) with cognitive meaning by smokers, so that can evoke fear in their self to quite smoking.  Keywords : Pictorial Health Warning Label (PHW), Health Information Message (HIM), Attention and Message Processing, Elaborative Processing, Cognitive Respon Theory, Fear Appeals dan  Fear Arousal

scholarly journals Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6854
Author(s):  
Reny Yuliati ◽  
Billy Koernianti Sarwono ◽  
Abdillah Ahsan ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Agung Kharisma Wibhisono ◽  
Dian Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
The Government

Background: Cigarette consumption remains high and increasing in Indonesia. The government implemented a pictorial health warnings requirement of 40% cover of the pack (front and back) using fear appeal messages. Objective: Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of cigarette pictorial health warnings by message and size. Methods: We conducted a mixed factorial experiment online study using three messaging approaches (fear vs. guilt vs. financial loss) and two picture sizes (40% vs. 75%) among 209 smoking participants. Sociodemographic variables included gender, education, income, employment status, and marital status. Data analysis used a mixed model ANOVA to see the main effect and interaction effect on dependent variables. For subgroup analysis, we used t-test and one-way ANOVA. All analyzes were in SPSS 22. Results: We found significant differences in the three message types, in which fear and guilt have higher effectiveness than financial loss. By subgroup, the guilt message was more compelling among female smokers and married smokers. The financial loss message was effective among lower-income smokers. We found no difference in pictorial health warning effectiveness by image size, potentially because participants could zoom in/out the cigarette pack image on the screen. Conclusions: Our finding supports more diverse message types in pictorial health warnings in Indonesia and other countries.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI KOMUNITAS “ARSENAL” BANDUNG TERHADAP PESAN PERINGATAN PADA BUNGKUS ROKOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif Ahda
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Cigarettes are the product that leads to the pros and cons the people of Indonesia. Negative effects due to smoking no doubt, substances in cigarettes to be an indicator of various diseases of cigarettes to consumers. The government has issued a rule requiring cigarette manufacturers to the dangers of smoking message by including images warning of the dangers of smoking. This study aims to determine the perceptions of community members regarding visual warning label smoked edition of "lungs damaged". Data collection techniques used in this research through interviews, observation, documentation. This study refers to the theories of perception ecology, how the stages of processing human perception occurs, that man's way of responding to a stimulus environmental, cultural backgrounds and communities, through the method of the message fear appeals, on delivery through media spooky image on cigarette packs. Results of research conducted by researchers at the community Arsenal Indonesian Supporter is a positive perception of the members of that community, and the message delivered by the government through the media picture warnings to be put on artificial cigarette packs in particular edition of "lungs damaged" conveyed properly, it is evident by reduced consumption rate of smokers in the community. Thus, it can be concluded that government regulation regarding the rules for the inclusion of the dangers of smoking images on cigarette packs is a good effort although still not very effective but enough make community members AIS Bandung smokers reduce smoking intensity and some have quit smoking.

scholarly journals Contribution and Influence of the Civil Society for the New Health Warning Label of Tobacco Products in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 134s-134s
Author(s):  
M. Coutinho Marques de Pinho ◽  
C. Abreu Perez ◽  
C. Galhardo Ferreira Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The World

Background and context: In April 2017, National Agency for Health Surveillance (Anvisa) launched a public consultation for the revision of Resolution Number 335/2003, on health warning labels. Aim: A group of representatives from civil society and tobacco control advocates in Brazil met in person and virtually to make contributions to the Anvisa´s proposal for new health warning label for tobacco products packages, considering the civil rights for participation and collaboration to Brazilian policies provided by public consultation. Strategy/Tactics: The advocates and researches consulted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization and its Guideline for Article 11 (Packaging and Labeling of Tobacco Products) implementation adopted in 2008 based on scientific studies and successful experiences in other countries. In addition, international researchers and representatives of international institutions were also consulted to collect successful examples of health warnings in the world. Program/Policy process: In October 2017, the Anvisa Board of Directors at a public ordinary meeting approved the new health warnings and in December of the same year, published the new resolution about it. Outcomes: In a comparative analysis, even if all the recommendations made in the CP have not been complied with, the influence of the contributions of the group of tobacco control advocates to the final version of the warnings is evident. The main contributions considered by Anvisa were: 1) to increase the effectiveness of the health warnings using colored images instead of black and white images, 2) the use of yellow in the upper and lower tiers was also one of the points suggested by the group, and 3) the concept proposed by the group for side warnings was fully complied. What was learned: Civil society participation for the agency´s public policy implementation process is essential and has been possible through the regulatory agenda, public consultations and regular public meetings. However, as is expected, the regulated sector has been quite active. The group recognizes the importance of the Anvisa measure in proposing new health warnings, however, significant recommendations have not been adopted and it may interfere with the goals of the measure. Anvisa´s strategy of allowing the social participation is essential, in accordance with Universal Health System principles and must be maintained. Regarding to the next health warnings and messages on packages of tobacco products, it would be greater to consider higher frequency of updating the images and recover the scientific process of development of the 3rd round of health warnings labels coordinated by the National Institute of Cancer in 2007/2008.

scholarly journals Impact of Sugar-sweetened Beverage Health Warnings on Beverage Purchases: A Randomized Controlled Trial (OR28-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grummon ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Shelley Golden ◽  
Marissa Hall ◽  
Leah Ranney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Objectives Five U.S. states have proposed policies to require health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). SSB health warnings reduce intentions to purchase SSBs, but their effect on actual purchasing behavior remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of front-of-package SSB health warnings on SSB purchases. Methods In 2018, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in a life-size replica of a convenience store located in Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. Items were sold at real-world prices and included foods, sugar-sweetened and non-sugar-sweetened beverages, and household products. A convenience sample of 400 adult (age ≥ 18) SSB consumers (consume ≥ 12 oz/week of SSBs) were randomly assigned to a health warning arm (SSBs in the store displayed a health warning label modeled after proposed warnings in the U.S.) or a control condition (SSBs displayed a control label). Labels were displayed on the front of SSB containers. Participants selected items for purchase using $10 provided at study start. The primary outcome was SSB calories purchased. Results All 400 participants (236 women, 159 men, and 5 transgender people; mean age = 29.0 [SD = 10.3] years) completed the trial and were included in analyses. Control arm participants were less likely to be Hispanic and to have body mass index in the overweight/obese range than health warning arm participants. Participants in the control arm purchased an average of 143.2 calories from SSBs (SE = 9.7), compared to 109.9 calories from SSBs (SE = 9.5) in the health warning arm. In intent-to-treat analyses adjusting for Hispanic ethnicity and overweight/obesity, health warnings significantly reduced SSB purchases (adjusted difference, −32.4 calories; 95% CI, −59.5, −5.2; P = 0.019). SSB health warnings also reduced the proportion of participants who purchased an SSB from 64% to 50% and the number of SSBs purchased from 0.9 to 0.7 beverages. Results were identical in unadjusted analyses. Conclusions Brief exposure to health warnings reduced SSB purchases in this naturalistic randomized controlled trial. Implementing policies to require SSB health warnings could discourage SSB consumption. Funding Sources Funding for this study was provided by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and by an internal university grant. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Influence of health warnings present on cigarette packets, on motivation to quit smoking, among smokers in a slum of Kolkata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Dalal ◽  
Dipanwita Sarkar ◽  
Narendra Kumar Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Government

Background: The Government of India by National Health Policy 2017 has set the target of relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 15% and 30% by 2020 and 2025 respectively. The Union health ministry had notified to mandatory display new health warnings to be covering 85% of the principal display area on all tobacco products (1 April 2016).Methods: This was an observational descriptive study with cross sectional in design carried out at Baghbazar slum in Kolkata with objective to study the smoking pattern, knowledge about health warning symbols (HWS) on tobacco products among the study population and to assess their motivation to quit and influence of HWS on their motivation. A total 66 smokers were interviewed using predesigned and pre tested questionnaire and analysis done using SPSS version 1.Results: About 83.3% study subjects were presently smoking and they were smoking daily, about 10 cigarette and bidi was smoked daily (median) and median duration without smoking was 1 month. About 63.6% study subjects were highly motivated to quit smoking. Health warning was definitely motivating them to quit smoking (p=0.01) but it was not resulting in actual quitting smoking (p=1.000). The main reason for motivation for quitting smoking was self-health related factor (84.6%).Conclusions: Health warning on cigarette packets increased the awareness about ill effects of smoking and motivated the smokers to quit smoking but not compelling them to quit smoking. Mostly those who were motivated to quit smoking were actually thinking about quitting due to other reasons.

Fear-Appeal Messages: Message Processing and Affective Attitudes

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 952-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Message Sensation Value ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Intense Fear

Theories of fear appeals suggest that fear-inducing messages can be effective, but public service announcements (PSAs) that emphasize fear do not always lead to desired change in behavior. To better understand how fear-inducing PSAs are processed, an experiment testing the effects of exposure to safe-driving messages is reported. College students ( N = 108) viewed PSAs of varying message sensation value (MSV). Results indicated that messages with medium MSV resulted in intentions to drive more slowly than messages with low or high MSV. Measures of affective attitudes indicated that medium MSV messages resulted in fast driving being rated as less fun and exciting than those of either high or low MSV. These affective evaluations mediated the effect of message exposure on driving intention. Message derogation was not related to message intensity. Production of message-related thoughts decreased, and emotional thoughts increased with message intensity. This decrease in processing of message content suggested a limited capacity explanation for the effect of highly intense fear appeals.

Shared services beyond sourcing the back offices: Organizational design

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Shouhong Wang ◽  
Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Shared Services ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Shared Service ◽  
Strategy Identification ◽  
The Government ◽  
Partnership Network

Shared services have been widely spread in the government and private sectors. Unlike outsourcing, shared service is the standardization and consolidation of common functions across the multiple organizations to reduce information process duplication and increase information and knowledge sharing. Shared services should be viewed less as a phenomenon of cost saving and more as a challenge of organization redesign. Five general leading theories of organizational design are examined in the perspective of shared services. A quasi-general organizational design approach is proposed specifically for shared services projects. The proposed approach emphasizes the organizational support for the shared services strategy identification, collaborative partnership network design, optimal shared services process design, and policy and regulation system design.

scholarly journals Persuading end users to act cautiously online: a fear appeals study on phishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurjen Jansen ◽  
Paul van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phishing Attacks ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Post Test

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the protection motivation theory (PMT) in the context of fear appeal interventions to reduce the threat of phishing attacks. In addition, it was tested to what extent the model relations are equivalent across fear appeal conditions and across time. Design/methodology/approach A pre-test post-test design was used. In the pre-test, 1,201 internet users filled out an online survey and were presented with one of three fear appeal conditions: strong fear appeal, weak fear appeal and control condition. Arguments regarding vulnerability of phishing attacks and response efficacy of vigilant online information-sharing behaviour were manipulated in the fear appeals. In the post-test, data were collected from 786 internet users and analysed with partial least squares path modelling. Findings The study found that PMT model relations hold in the domain of phishing. Self-efficacy and fear were the most important predictors of protection motivation. In general, the model results were equivalent across conditions and across time. Practical Implications It is important to consider online information-sharing behaviour because it facilitates the occurrence and success of phishing attacks. The results give practitioners more insight into important factors to address in the design of preventative measures to reduce the success of phishing attacks. Future research is needed to test how fear appeals work in real-world settings and over longer periods. Originality/value This paper is a substantial adaptation of a previous conference paper (Jansen and Van Schaik, 2017a, b).

Joking about cancer as an avoidance strategy among US adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Carcioppolo ◽  
Kevin K John ◽  
Jakob D Jensen ◽  
Andy J King
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
Avoidance Strategy

Summary Findings from years of research on fear appeals suggest that individuals with low efficacy utilize avoidance strategies when they perceive a significant threat—a process called fear control. Some research suggests that joking could be an avoidance strategy. The current study identifies conditions in which people are more likely to joke about colorectal cancer and explores how this behavior may be associated with screening avoidance. Older adults (N = 209) recruited from eight different worksites completed a survey measuring fear appeal constructs and enactment of colorectal cancer-related joking. Results of a moderated mediation analysis suggest that men were more likely to joke about colorectal cancer than women, particularly if they perceived significant threat but had limited self-efficacy, signifying fear control. Results support prior fear appeal research, suggesting that an increase in joking behavior concerning colorectal cancer may be indicative of screening avoidance, and describe belief-based mechanisms that explain differences between biological sex and joking.

scholarly journals How Can E-Cigarette Fear Appeals Improve the Perceived Threat, Fear, Anger, and Protection Motivation of Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Sun ◽  
Fangfei Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Impact

The lack of awareness regarding the risks of e-cigarettes and the misleading business propaganda caused an increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes among young people. The effective communication of the risks associated with e-cigarettes is an important part of current work to control their usage, and the use of fear appeals is an effective method to achieve good control. Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and Appraisal-Tendency Framework (ATF), this article presents a 2 × 2 control experiment to test the impact of fear appeals on the perception of risk, emotions, and behavioral motivation of young people aged 35 and less. A total of 333 valid samples of adolescents and young adults were included to investigate the different response paths to fear appeals among young people of different age, sex and smoking history. The results show that high-threat, high-efficacy fear appeals are able to: (1) significantly increase young people’s perception of the e-cigarette-associated threats, (2) trigger fear and anger amongst young people, and (3) stimulate their self-protection motivation. Fear appeals do not have an impact on young people’s perception of efficacy, regardless of their level of threat and efficacy. High fear appeals can also increase young people’s perception of threat, which in turn enhances their anger and protection motivation. Furthermore, while this type of fear appeal can enhance young women’s perception of efficacy, it cannot enhance the perception of e-cigarette risks in adolescents, young men and young smokers, regardless of their level of threat and efficacy. Young non-smokers have a higher perception of the risks involved in the use of e-cigarettes compared with young smokers.

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