High-performance FPGA implementation of the secure hash algorithm 3 for single and multi-message processing

<span>The secure hash function has become the default choice for information security, especially in applications that require data storing or manipulation. Consequently, optimized implementations of these functions in terms of Throughput or Area are in high demand. In this work we propose a new conception of the secure hash algorithm 3 (SHA-3), which aim to increase the performance of this function by using pipelining, four types of pipelining are proposed two, three, four, and six pipelining stages. This approach allows us to design data paths of SHA-3 with higher Throughput and higher clock frequencies. The design reaches a maximum Throughput of 102.98 Gbps on Virtex 5 and 115.124 Gbps on Virtex 6 in the case of the 6 stages, for 512 bits output length. Although the utilization of the resource increase with the increase of the number of the cores used in each one of the cases. The proposed designs are coded in very high-speed integrated circuits program (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL) and implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices and compared to existing FPGA implementations.</span>

How preexisting beliefs and message involvement drive charitable donations: an integrated model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals respond to messages asking for donations in broadcast advertising. It does so by considering both preexisting attitudes and beliefs related to donating, as well as message processing. The goal is to uncover messages that may help nonprofit organisations increase donations. Design/methodology/approach The research combines the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to measure preexisting beliefs and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to measure involvement in an investigation of donation responses to broadcast-quality advertisements developed by a professional ad agency featuring the following two messages: one that leverages social norms and another that legitimises minimal giving. Two studies collected data from a total of 544 respondents in two between-subjects 2 × 2 × 2 experiments. Findings Injunctive norm messages affect the intended donation behaviour of individuals who are pre-disposed to donating, but only if they are highly involved with the ad. Social legitimisation messages affect donations from individuals who look to referents to direct behaviour, but unlike what was expected, only by those not highly involved with the ad. Similarly, individuals who do not think they can donate increased donations when they saw the legitimisation message and had low advertisement involvement. Research limitations/implications Results extend the ELM-TPB integrated framework by discovering when and how involvement drives intended donation behaviour. The research also sheds light on message processing by focussing on the preexisting characteristics of recipients. Practical implications The results provide nonprofit managers with strategies to increase donations with targeted messages. Those who pay attention to the ad and have a positive attitude toward giving are going to donate if they are told others support the cause. Therefore, the focus should be on those who are not involved with the ad but still believe giving is appropriate. Originality/value This research is the first to use the ELM-TPB framework to discover that ELM has varying utilities and values from TPB in different ad contexts.

Attitude-Consistent Health Messages About Electronic Cigarettes Increase Processing Time

Online contexts are becoming a widely available space to disseminate health information and target specific populations for health campaigns. Limited evidence for health message engagement in these contexts exists. This study draws on the elaboration likelihood model and construal-level theory to predict processing time and recall when individuals are presented with messages for or against electronic cigarette use from socially close or distant sources. Participants ( N = 159) were shown messages about electronic cigarettes, designed to look like tweets, from socially close and socially distant message senders. Processing times were highest for pro-attitudinal messages while messages from socially close sources were more likely to be recalled, and furthering social distance increased the difference in processing times for pro- and counter-attitudinal messages. We demonstrate the applicability of behavioral measures in online studies, while finding that attitudes, social distance, and their interaction affect measures of message processing. These findings suggest further exploration may be needed to differentiate between processing time and counterarguing. From our findings, we offer applied practitioners guidance on how to develop messages that target audiences will spend more time considering and are more likely to remember.

Game play and the effectiveness of sponsor signage: visual attention to brand messages in live sport broadcasts

PurposeTechnological innovations could allow for real-time control of sponsor exposure during sport broadcasts to increase the capacity of sponsor messages to attract attention. While such an approach requires knowledge on the interplay between in-game events and viewers' attention to sponsor signage previous studies have disregarded factors pertaining to the competition itself. To address this gap, this paper investigates the impact of game-related variables on the allocation of viewer attention in live broadcasts.Design/methodology/approachEye tracking is used to examine the impact of variations in score, ball position and ball possession on soccer fans' attention to sponsor messages during broadcasts. In total, the data comprise n = 36,604 second-by-second observations from 11 participants and games.FindingsLogistic regression analysis reveals game time effects and significant interaction effects between possession and the score as well as the ball position variable. Sponsors receive less attention if the attacking team controls the ball near the opponents' goal, particularly if the viewers' preferred team is in possession.Practical implicationsProperty owners and sponsors can exploit these findings to determine the value of sponsor brand exposure more precisely. New systems could further increase message effectiveness through adjustments of sponsor exposure based on real time match event data.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the influence of game-related variables on attention to sponsors. By employing live broadcasts in a near-realistic setting, it further addresses a gap in the literature and adds to the knowledge on sponsor message processing.

Responses to reduced nicotine cigarette marketing features: a systematic review

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature regarding responses to commercial and public health marketing features for reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNCs) to anticipate potential industry and regulatory actions should an RNC product standard be issued.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed for English-language articles using several keywords for reduced nicotine products, cigarettes and marketing features published through 2020.Study selectionOf 4092 records, 26 studies were retained for review that met criteria focusing on responses to RNC marketing features.Data extractionSearch terms created by the research team were used for review and included independent extraction and coding by two reviewers. Coding was categorised using study design terminology, commercial and public health features in tobacco regulatory science, and their association with individual responses outlined by several message processing outcomes.Data synthesisMost studies focused on current cigarette smokers and were cross-sectional. Reactions to RNCs and attitudes and beliefs were the most common outcomes measured. For commercial features, articles generally studied RNC advertisements, products and/or descriptors. For public health features, articles studied counter-messaging (eg, warning labels) or general descriptors about nicotine or a reduced nicotine product standard. Commercial features were generally associated with favourable responses. Public health features offset favourable responses across most outcomes, though their efficacy was mixed. Contrasts in results by smoking status are discussed.ConclusionsCommercial marketing of RNCs is appealing and may need stronger regulations or communication campaigns to accurately convey risks. Opportunities exist for future research within tobacco regulatory science.

Pengaruh Konten Belajar Online E-Module terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Partisipan

Improving self-expertise is one of the individual efforts to be able to compete in the professional world. Education is now not only formal in schools, but there are many places that provide learning programs, especially in the digital era. Needs of the expertise to create multiple platforms for individuals to develop and learn like BootUP.ai in Jakarta. This study aims to determine the effect of E-module online learning content on the level of understanding of participants in BootUP.ai. The literature review used in this research is stimulus-organismresponse communication theory, message processing theory, communication media and level of understanding. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach with descriptive and survey methods. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 67 samples of respondents in the online class BootUP.ai, after which the data obtained were tested for their validity by means of validity and reliability tests. Data processing and analysis techniques in this study used classical regression assumption test using normality test techniques, simple linear regression test, correlation analysis, determination coefficient analysis, and t test. The results showed that there was an influence between the E-module content on the level of understanding of participants in BootUP.ai, with the results of the t test showing the t value of 7.226> 1.997 t table. In addition, the results of the determination coefficient test showed the number 0.437, which means that the E-module content affects 43.7% of the participants' level of understanding Meningkatkan keahlian diri merupakan salah satu upaya individu untuk mampu bersaing di dunia professional. Pendidikan kini bukan hanya formal di sekolah, namun sudah banyak wadah yang menyediakan program belajar terutama di era digital. Kebutuhan akan keahlian menciptakan banyak wadah untuk individu berkembang dan belajar seperti BootUP.ai di Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konten belajar online E-module terhadap tingkat pemahaman partisipan di BootUP.ai. Tinjauan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori komunikasi stimulus-organisme-respon, teori pemrosesan pesan, media komunikasi dan tingkat pemahaman. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan survei. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 67 sampel responden partisipan kelas online BootUP.ai, setelah itu data yang diperoleh diuji keabsahannya dengan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi regresi klasik dengan menggunakan 1ebagi uji normalitas, uji regresi linear sederhana, analisis korelasi, analisis koefisien determinasi, dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh antara konten E-module terhadaptingkat pemahaman partisipan di BootUP.ai, dengan hasil uji t menunjukkan nilai t hitung 7,226 > 1,997 t tabel. Selain itu juga ditemukan hasil uji koefisien determinasi yang menunjukkan angka 0,437 yang berarti konten E-module mempengaruhi 43,7% tingkat pemahaman partisipan. Kata

Accurate mining of location data in the communication field based on big data

In order to extract value from data, data mining and data software technology are widely used in the industry. This study mainly discusses the precise mining of location data in communication field based on big data. Signaling preprocessing layer mainly obtains signaling message through acquisition module, filters FISU message in signaling message, judges abnormal message frame, and stamp it with time stamp, which provides effective data source for next processing. Signaling access layer mainly completes the function of signaling link access, mainly using high resistance jumper technology, time slot convergence technology, optical access technology and 155mdxc conversion technology to access 2 m link and 155 m link respectively. The signaling collection module must collect directly or via a link through DXC in order to reach the front-end data collection machine and access the signaling collection module of the front-end machine. The Signaling Collection Module also completes some of the message processing work. The presentation layer is the window of human-computer interaction of the whole system, which presents to users with friendly interface and perfect functions. The main goal of real-time big data analysis is to obtain signaling data sent by signaling acquisition system, and screen out the effective information in signaling data according to monitoring conditions, and then analyze the final real-time monitoring results. Geographic information module provides visual map control for the regional monitoring big data analysis module. The difficulty of system development can be reduced by using the existing WebGIS map toolkit. When the call from the Customs Bureau of Unicom in different cities is called into the mobile gateway Bureau, the call is rejected by the mobile customs bureau. The call time is 0 seconds, of which the interception success rate is up to 90% within 1 s. This research is of great significance for the better development and maintenance of signaling network and monitoring system.