$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 extended MacDowell-Mansouri supergravity

We construct a gauge theory based in the supergroup G = SU(2, 2|2) that generalizes MacDowell-Mansouri supergravity. This is done introducing an extended notion of Hodge operator in the form of an outer automorphism of su(2, 2|2)-valued 2-form tensors. The model closely resembles a Yang-Mills theory — including the action principle, equations of motion and gauge transformations — which avoids the use of the otherwise complicated component formalism. The theory enjoys H = SO(3, 1) × ℝ × U(1) × SU(2) off-shell symmetry whilst the broken symmetries G/H, translation-type symmetries and supersymmetry, can be recovered on surface of integrability conditions of the equations of motion, for which it suffices the Rarita-Schwinger equation and torsion-like constraints to hold. Using the matter ansatz —projecting the 1 ⊗ 1/2 reducible representation into the spin-1/2 irreducible sector — we obtain (chiral) fermion models with gauge and gravity interactions.

Time Domain Electromagnetic Differential Equation Methods

As the time domain electromagnetic differential equation methods, FDTD, FIT, TDFEM have some relations in the mesh generations, discrete equations and hodge operator.

The Hodge Operator in Fermionic Fock Space

The Hodge operator ("star" operator) plays an important role in the theory of differential forms, where it serves as a tool for the switching between the exterior derivative and co-derivative. In the theory of many-electron systems involving a finite-dimensional fermionic Fock space, one can define the Hodge operator as a unique (i.e., invariant with respect to linear transformations of the spin-orbital basis set) antilinear operator. The similarity transformation based on the Hodge operator results in the switching between the fermion creation and annihilation operators. The present paper gives a self-contained account on the algebraic structures which are necessary for the construction of the Hodge operator: the fermionic Fock space, the corresponding Grassmann algebra, and the generalized creation and annihilation operators. The Hodge operator is then defined, and its properties are reviewed. It is shown how the notion of the Hodge operator can be employed in a construction of the electronic time-reversal operator.