The Spectrum of Oral Pathology Specimens: a Retrospective Study of 442 Specimens and a Review of Literature

Background: Diseases of the oral cavity are heterogenous in etiology, pathogenesis, histogenesis and clinical outcome. Several epidemiologic studies exist in the literature with variable and conflicting results, based on small sized-samples and geographic factors. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of oral diseases encountered in our experience from a tertiary hospital and to compare it with previous studies.Methods: The archives of pathology at Jordan University Hospital were retrospectively searched for specimens of oral cavity and related structures anatomic areas between 2013-2020. Fisher’s exact test was performed to examine the statistical difference between the pathologic diagnosis and clinical variables of age, gender and site of specimen. One-way ANOVA test was applied to analyzed the differences in the mean of age among different pathologic groups. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of four-hundred forty-one cases were retrieved. There were 232 (52%) females and 210 (48%) males. The range of age was 3-87 years (mean 43), 46 (10%) of which were children younger than 16 years. Inflammatory and reactive diseases were the most common, constituting 147 (33%) of all specimens, followed by benign neoplasms: 139 (31%), cysts: 114 (26%) then malignant diseases: 42 (10%). Lichen planus was the most common inflammatory disease: 26/147 (18%) and prevailed in patients older than 40 years (P = 00039). Keratocyst predominated in children and adolescents more than in adults (P = 0.0015). Buccal mucosa represented the most frequent site for biopsy: 76 (17%), followed by tongue and maxillary bone: 70 (16%), each. Conclusion: Inflammatory and benign neoplasms are the most common lesions in oral diseases. Oral malignancy appears to show a low to intermediate frequency compared to previous reports. The study provides a general overview of the spectrum of oral pathology specimens and points to some novel epidemiologic findings that suggests further investigations.

Oral lesions in older patients: a descriptive analysis of a brazilian population

The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe the oral lesions diagnosed in older patients through histopathological reports from the oral pathology service of a private university in Rio de Janeiro over a 19 year period (1999-2017) and to call attention to the oral health of the elderly. Information was collected and analyzed from 713 medical records of patients aged ≥ 60 years old. The data collected included the patient's age, gender and the type and location of the injury. The mean age of the patients was 68.1 years old, with a higher prevalence of lesions in the 60 to 74 age group. The results showed that three of the four most common oral lesions were more frequent in women and only one (oral squamous cell carcinoma) was more common in men. The 4 most common injuries were: fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (187; 26.2%), oral squamous cell carcinoma (78; 10.9%), leukoplakia (40; 5.6%) and oral lichen planus (36; 5.0%). These lesions were distributed mainly in the alveolar edge (71; 20.8%) followed by tongue (57; 16.7%), bottom of the vestibule (55; 16.1%), and buccal mucosa (44; 12.9%). The results obtained should be used to alert health professionals, especially dentists, so that early diagnoses of such lesions can be made and thus contribute to improving the quality of care for the elderly.

A 20-year Retrospective Study of Pediatric Oral Lesion Biopsy

The aim of this study was to provide pathological information of pediatric oral lesions by retrospectively analyzing oral biopsy results from pediatric patients at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Biopsy results of all oral lesions from pediatric patients, aged 0 - 16 years, were collected from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2000 to April 2020. The patients were divided into 3 age groups: 0 - 5, 6 - 11 and 12 - 16 years. All oral lesions were classified into three main categories: inflammatory and reactive, tumor or tumor-like and cystic lesions. Among the total of 2928 biopsy specimens, tumor or tumor-like lesions(35.66%) were the most common, followed by inflammatory and reactive lesions(34.29%) and cystic lesions(30.05%). Regardless of the categories used in this study, odontoma was the most frequently found lesion, mucocele and dentigerous cyst being the next common. This study was the first retrospective review of pediatric oral pathology in Korea, and the results from this study may assist in providing informative insight into the pediatric oral pathology for pediatric dentists.

Correlation of Child Temperament with Severity of Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 3-6 Years

Objective: To check the correlation of child temperament with severity of early childhood caries in children aged 3-6 years. Design of the Study: It’s a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from August 2020 to August 2021. Material and Methods: Total 700 children aged between 3-6 years who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected along with their parents/ primary caregivers. In the present study temperament was assessed using Thomas and Chess’s parent temperament questionnaire. Both intensity and frequency of occurrence of that particular behavior was considered, each entity is scored on a five (5) point scale. Rating is done on negative and positive directions in which scores of 1-5 represent the extremes of intensity and frequency of occurrence of that behavior. At the midpoint, score of 3 is average according to the parent’s insights. Results of the Study: Among the study group of, 24% belonged to the age group 3 years, 29% belonged to age group 4 years, 27% belonged to the age group 5 years and 20% belonged to the age group 6 years. Forty nine percent among the study group were male participants whereas 51% were female participants. Fifty percent of the participants among the study population had caries while 46% of the study participants were free of caries. The results showed that children with caries had lower overall temperament scores (36.49± 5.67) compared to subjects without caries (38.82± 5.43).There was a statistically significant correlation with p<0.001. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between child temperament scores of Sociability, Energy and Emotionality and Caries Severity Index scores. No correlation could be established with Attentivity and Rhythmicity scores. It can be concluded that in early childhood caries child temperament is a risk factor. Keywords: Temperament, Early Childhood Caries

Oral soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed in an oral pathology service: a 16year experience

Objective: This study analyzed the prevalence and clinic-pathological features of soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed in a single-center of oral pathology from a School of Dentistry in Brazil. Materials and methods: All consecutive cases of intra-oral soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed between January of 2002 and December of 2018 were retrieved from the files; patient data (sex, age and race) and characteristics of the lesions (site, size, clinical aspect and duration of injury) were collected. Results: Among a total of 62,255 biopsies diagnosed in the studied period, soft-tissue oral sarcomas comprised 76 cases (0.12%). Kaposi sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma encompassed 64.5% of the cases, and 53% of these were diagnosed as Kaposi Sarcoma. Male patients were more affected (59.2%) and white patients comprised 50%. In general, 39.4% of the patients were between 21-40yo. Conclusion: Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare in oral soft-tissue and in our pathology service, they comprised only 0.12% of all diseases diagnosed in the studied period. Kaposi sarcoma was the most frequent, followed by leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Thus, it is important for stomatologists and pathologists to be aware of their characteristics when examining oral mucosa, mainly their peculiarities regarding patient’s age, clinical appearance, and site of occurrence.

Pigmented Oral Lesions: A Multicenter Study

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions from Thailand. Materials and Methods Biopsy records of the Department of Oral Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Department of Oral Diagnosis, KhonKaen University, Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Chiangmai University, Department of Stomatology, Prince of Songkla University, and Rangsit University were reviewed for oral pigmented lesions diagnosed during 1999 to 2019. Demographic data were culled from the biopsy records. Ages of the patients were subdivided into 10-year intervals. Locations of the lesions were classified as gingiva, labial/buccal mucosa, palate, floor of the mouth, tongue, as well as the combination of sites. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.0. Results Of the 47,175 accessioned cases, 241 cases (0.51%) were diagnosed in the category of pigmented oral lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 88 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 38.74 ± 20.96 years. Regarding gender, 172 patients (71.37%) with pigmented lesions were females, while 69 patients (28.63%) were males. The female-to-male ratio was 2.49:1. The majority of the pigmented lesions were encountered at the gingiva (29.88%) followed by labial/buccal mucosa (26.97%), palate (14.94%), lip (10.79%), alveolar mucosa (9.54%), and others (7.88%), respectively. The three most common pigmented oral lesions in the present study were nevus (39.83%), followed by melanotic macule (28.63%) and amalgam tattoo (17.43%), respectively. Conclusions The most common pigmented oral lesion in the present study is nevus. Demographic data of the patients in the present study are in accordance with previous studies with minor differences. Even though pigmented lesions of the oral cavity constitute a small portion of the oral pathology biopsies, accurate diagnosis is important since there is an overlap in clinical appearance of benign pigmented lesions and melanoma.