STABILITY OF THE STRAINS OF BASIDIOMYCETES DURING STORAGE IN THE COLLECTION

Basidial macromycetes may be a material for the development of new biotechnologies, medical preparations, components of dietary nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary for the highest level of quality for maintenance and identification of mushroom strains in the collection. An important parameter, in this case, is a stability of isolated and described collection strains of basidiomycetes. Stability is one of the key issues of long-term preservation of pure culture collections. For the collection of medicinal basidiomycetes of ONU I.I. Mechnikov, which preserves by the method of periodic reseeding of colonies the strain stability had not been studied yet. The goal of this research is to study the stability of this collection by a growth rate of mushroom colonies and electrophoretic spectra of carboxylesterases after different times of storage of cultures on malt agar. In this research the strains of three age categories (1, 2 and 3 years) of storage on malt-agar medium at temperature 4 ° С for were tested. The radial growth rate of their vegetative mycelium and the spectra of multiple molecular forms of carboxylesterases by the method of vertical electrophoresis in 7% of polyacrylamide gel were investigated. It was established that the stability of the radial growth rate of A. auricula-judae, F. velutipes, G. lucidum the vegetative mycelium after different storage periods is high according to the values of variation coefficients. At the same time, the expression of molecular forms of carboxylesterase showed sufficient variability. Partially conservative molecular forms were detected in some age groups of strains, as well as for individual strains. Thus the growth rate of colonies is a stable indicator and the molecular forms of carboxylesterases of different ages strains are variable.

DIFFERENTIATION OF MAIZE LINES WITH HIGH CONTENT OF CAROTENOIDS USING PROTEIN AND DNA MARKERS

Wide natural variety of carotenoids, including vitamin A precursors, is characteristic of maize (Zea mays L.), which allows using it to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world. Previous studies have established the effectiveness of the use of functional DNA markers in the selection of maize lines with a high content of carotenoids in grain. However, not only improving grain quality but also creating highly productive hybrids competitive on the grain market is currently important. The purpose of our study was to determine the genetic diversity of maize lines using storage protein and DNA markers, as well as to find correlations of two marker systems with FAO characteristics. On the basis of maize lines selected for high content of carotenoids, the allelic state of six SSR markers (phi022, phi034, phi062, phi073, phi079, phi085), electrophoretic spectra of zein and their electrophoretic mobility have been determined. Cluster analysis of maize lines using electrophoretic spectra of zein yielded eight clusters. It was found that the minimum genetic distance was 4.24 and the maximum 7.48 Cluster analysis by the identified alleles for SSR markers allowed to form seven clusters according to the affinity of the lines. Range of changes in genetic distances was from 1.00. to 3.46 The analysis of genetic distance matrices, using the Mantel test, found a correlation between the marker systems under study (r = 0.184). A correlation between the studied marker systems and their relation to FAO characteristics was established. Therefore, in order to increase selection efficiency of maize, it is advisable to use an integrated approach to the evaluation of breeding genotypes involving protein and DNA markers.

Protein polimorphism of cross components at development of common wheat lines with introgression from Triticum migushovae Zhir.

Aim. Determine presence/absence of polymorphism at genes coding wheat proteins with known chromosome localization in order to determine cross components for development of introgressive lines T. aestivum/T. miguschovae, which are optimal for screening progeny for studied proteins. Methods. Protein electrophoresis in PAAG, visualization and comparison of spectra. Results. Electrophoretic spectra components which could be used as markers of chromosomes of Ab, G, D genomes of Migushova wheat, and A, B and D genomes of four cultivars of common wheat were identified for 1-st (gliadins, glutenins), 3-rd (leaf and seed esterase, peroxidase), 4-th (beta-amylase, acid phosphatase), 6-th (gliadins, alfa-amylase), 7-th (alfa-amylase) groups of homeological chromosomes. Conclusions. Progeny from any of the four common wheat cultivars can be studied for the presence of Migushova wheat chromosomes that substituted common wheat chromosomes of 1-st, 3-rd, 4-th, 6-th, and 7-th homeological groups, however, effectiveness of studied protein markers varied for different cultivars.Keywords: wheat introgression, Fusarium head blight, Triticum miguschovae, storage proteins, isoenzymes.

Electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase in winter plants of different varieties

Aim. To study electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase in seedlings of wheat varieties, which differ in genetically determined characteristics. Methods. Biochemicals using a native gel-electrophoresis and a spectrophotometer. Results. Among the studied varieties, the highest peroxidase activity in seedlings varied winter wheat varieties of Astarta, spruce sparrows Polba Golikovskaya and high-amylose wheat HAW. When comparing the molecular forms of the enzyme, it was found that in the seedlings of the studied varieties there were 8–9 isoforms with peroxidase activity, which differed in relative electrophoretic mobility. Inactive isoforms and isoforms with relatively fast mobility were stable and recorded in all studied varieties. The revealed forms with average electrophoretic mobility were in 90 % of the studied varieties. Conclusions. Electrophoretic spectra of peroxidase in seedlings of the studied varieties differ significantly in number and mobility of its multiple molecular forms. Electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase can be used as diagnostic features for comparative analysis of the studied plants in the early phases of ontogeny. Keywords: peroxidase, electrophoretic spectra, varieties, wheat (Triticum L.).

Clonal Structure of Some Weevil Species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) From Central Ukraine

The clonal structure of the populations of nine weevil species (family Curculionidae) from central Ukraine was analyzed. Clonal diversity varied extensively among studied species. Th e level of clonal variation of some species (Otiorhynchus ligustici, O. raucus, Liophloeus tessulatus) is high, within some other species (O. tristis, Tropiphorus micans) it is low. Th e constant heterozygosity of lot of genes has been demonstrated that it may be a proof of the hybrid origin of the studied weevil populations. Th e asymmetry of some obtained electrophoretic spectra was observed. Th is can be a consequence of their polyploid nature. Th e signifi cant interpopulation diff erentiation of most of the species studied was demonstrated.

genetic variability of sukachev's larch (larix sukaczewii djil.) in geographical cultures under Voronezh

Information on the genetic structure of populations of forest tree plants is the basis for assessing the genetic po-tential of the species. These studies are particularly relevant for economically valuable species and species occupying extensive areas, like larch. Accurate information about the genetic structure of populations, the level of their genetic variability, the nature of its distribution within the range allows us to designate measures aimed at preserving the genet-ic resources of the species for the use in the country's economy and reproduction. During the analysis of electrophoretic spectra of the products of amplification of six nuclear microsatellite loci 42 allelic variants have been identified. An estimation of the genetic polymorphism of the population structure of forest plantations of Sukachev’s larch from the seeds of the Sverdlovsk region by microsatellite analysis for 6 pairs of pri-mers is given.