Study of common wheat lines with genetic material Aegilops speltoides for leaf rust resistance

The results of evaluating introgressive lines by resistance to leaf rust and the presence of molecular markers in them linked to the known resistance genes Lr28, Lr35, Lr51, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34 are presented.

Non-additive expression of awn development regulatory genes in the bread wheat lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum

Aim. Nonadditive expression of homeotic genes is considered to cause the development of nonparental phenotypes in the plants of hybrid origin. Previously, orthologs of rice and barley awn development regulators TaTOB1, TaDL, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 were identified in the bread wheat genome sequence. Nonadditive expression of these regulators can be the reason for the emergence of non-parental terminally awned phenotypes among the bread wheat lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum Methods. Gene expression was identified with end-point detection RT-qPCR Results. Introgressive lines have expression of TaTOB1, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 at the lower level compared to parents. As orthologs of TaTOB1 and TaKNOX3 are negative regulators of awn development in rice and barley, their reduced expression could have caused the appearance of terminally awned plants among introgressive lines. Neverthless, the reduced expression of the genes wasn’t specific to the lines with non-parental phenotype. Conclusions. Due to the lack of correlation between reduced expression of the genes studied and non-parental phenotype of the introgressive lines, the role of nonadditive expression of TaTOB1, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 in the development of this phenotype is not clear. Keywords: amphidiploids, non-additive expression, developmental genetics, awns.

Protein polimorphism of cross components at development of common wheat lines with introgression from Triticum migushovae Zhir.

Aim. Determine presence/absence of polymorphism at genes coding wheat proteins with known chromosome localization in order to determine cross components for development of introgressive lines T. aestivum/T. miguschovae, which are optimal for screening progeny for studied proteins. Methods. Protein electrophoresis in PAAG, visualization and comparison of spectra. Results. Electrophoretic spectra components which could be used as markers of chromosomes of Ab, G, D genomes of Migushova wheat, and A, B and D genomes of four cultivars of common wheat were identified for 1-st (gliadins, glutenins), 3-rd (leaf and seed esterase, peroxidase), 4-th (beta-amylase, acid phosphatase), 6-th (gliadins, alfa-amylase), 7-th (alfa-amylase) groups of homeological chromosomes. Conclusions. Progeny from any of the four common wheat cultivars can be studied for the presence of Migushova wheat chromosomes that substituted common wheat chromosomes of 1-st, 3-rd, 4-th, 6-th, and 7-th homeological groups, however, effectiveness of studied protein markers varied for different cultivars.Keywords: wheat introgression, Fusarium head blight, Triticum miguschovae, storage proteins, isoenzymes.

Genetic classification of Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. (2n=4x=28, UcUcXcXc) chromosomes based on FISH analysis and substitution patterns in common wheat × Ae. columnaris introgressive lines

Aegilops columnaris is a tetraploid species originated from Ae. umbellulata (2n=2x=14, UU) and a yet unknown diploid grass species. Although Ae. columnaris possesses some agronomically valuable traits, such as heat and drought tolerance and resistance to pests, it has never been used in wheat breeding because of difficulties in producing hybrids and a lack of information on the relationships between Ae. columnaris and common wheat chromosomes. In this paper, we report the development of 57 wheat – Ae. columnaris introgressive lines covering 8 of the14 chromosomes of Aegilops. Based on substitution spectra of hybrids and the results of FISH analysis of the parental Ae. columnaris line with seven DNA probes, we have developed the genetic nomenclature of the Uc and Xc chromosomes. Genetic groups and genome affinities were established for 11 of 14 chromosomes; the classification of the remaining three chromosomes remains unsolved. Each Ae. columnaris chromosome was characterized on the basis of C-banding pattern and the distribution of seven DNA sequences. Introgression processes were shown to depend on the parental wheat genotype and the level of divergence of homoeologous chromosomes. We found that lines carrying chromosome 5Xc are resistant to leaf rust; therefore, this chromosome could possess novel resistance genes that have never been utilized in wheat breeding.

PERSPECTIVE INTROGRESSIVE LINES OF SOFT SPRING WHEAT WITH AGROPYRON ELONGATUM GENES SUSTAINABLE TO SEPTORIOUS IN WESTERN SIBERIA

In Western Siberia, the resistance to septoria was tested for samples of wheatgrass of elongated Agropyron elongatum and introgressive lines of spring soft wheat with its genes, created at Omsk State Agrarian University. The experiments were conducted in the field in the forest-steppe zone of the south of Western Siberia (Omsk) in 2013-2016 on an annual natural infectious background. In 2013, the manifestations of septoriosis were weak, in 2014-2015 - moderate, and in 2016 epiphytoty was spread, which led to a severe defeat of varieties of West Siberian selection. A. elongatum samples showed immunity to the disease. In 2013, 15 promising wheat lines were identified that showed high or medium resistance to the Septoria tritici fungus, causing leaf spotting, and Parastagonospora nodorum, which affects leaves and spikes. The lines were predominantly in the middle or middle groups. According to the results of four-year experiments in contrasting weather conditions, the best lines on average showed higher productivity than, or comparable to, the standard varieties, mainly due to the increased number of productive stems of the plant and a high mass of 1000 grains. During the period of observation, there was an increase in the damage of wheat varieties and lines by the causative agents of Septoria, especially S. tritici. In 2013, 8 lines showed high resistance to leaf damage, 10 lines - ears. During the epiphytosis of 2016 year the resistance to S. tritici retained only 2 lines. The resistance to damage to the ear was more stable, in 2016, 6 lines were high, and 5 - medium resistant to P. nodorum. Two lines showed high resistance to septoriosis of leaves and ear. Dedicated lines are recommended for use in breeding soft wheat for resistance to disease.