PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF BELUGA AND SHIP AND THEIR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN FISH-FARM CONDITIONS

The objects of research are Beluga (Huso huso, Linnaeus), sturgeon spike (Acipenser nudiventris, Lovetsky) and their interspecific hybrids of artificial generation grown on the Research and Experimental Base BIOS (the Astrakhan region) by using the basin method. To assess the physiological status of fish, a set of morphophysiological indicators (absolute and relative weight of gills, heart, liver, and gonads) were used. The dynamics of the indices of the corresponding viscera of Beluga and sturgeon spike and their interspecific hybrids in the second year of cultivation was studied. The necessity for the research is explained by the fact that most work performed was carried out on land vertebrates and on fish of natural generation. There have been presented the average values of morphophysiological indices for each of the four groups of unmixed sturgeon species and their hybrids. The obtained values of the studied parameters of sturgeon species can be used for further monitoring of the fish growing conditions using the basin method.

INFLUENCE OF THE BIOSORBENT "UNISORB-BIO" MODIFIED BY WASTE PAPER ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF PINK CLOVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF OIL POLLUTION

The article uses the example of artificially polluted soil to consider the effect of urea sorbent-a biological product "Unisorb-Bio" modified by waste paper on the biodegradation of oil with subsequent phyto-control of the soil by a test culture of pink-Swedish clover (Trifolium hybridum). It is shown that during 18 weeks of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" with immobilized on it the oil-oxidizing strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis, the oil content in the soil decreased by 10 times, which is on an order of magnitude higher to comparison with the control. High seeding qualities (germination energy, seed germination – 82%) are observed when using "Unisorb-Bio" modified waste paper from newsprint in conditions of 10% initial soil contamination, with a content of nitrophosca 0.05%. In the soil with" Unisorb-Bio "modified waste paper from the paper "Snegurochka" the indicators are lower by 17–20% than in the soil samples with biologics product modified by waste paper from newsprint, which is probably perhaps is bound up with more the greater destructibility of the latter under these conditions and an increase of mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. The results of phytocontrol (germination energy, seed germination-52%) indicate a relatively good level of soil recovery with 15% initial contamination and almost independent of the type of biological product. The observed seeding quality and morphophysiological indicators give reason to conclude that the "Unisorb-Bio" biological product modified with waste paper is able to restore the soil even with a high level of contamination within one season.

The index of the hearts squad Carnivora, as an indicator of predator ecology

The article presents the results of calculating the heart index of representatives of the order of carnivores, as one of the main morphophysiological indicators of predator activity. Based on the results of the study, the criteria for specific environmental characteristics of predators used for food production and determining the degree of load on the body were determined. To determine these indicators in some representatives of predatory animals obtained in the Amur region weight measurements of the hearts of sexually Mature individuals were performed: Martes zibellina, Meles leucurus, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Vulpes vulpes. Weight indicators of the index were carried out by measuring the ratio of the total mass of the organ to the body weight of the animal (organ mass x 100/ total mass of the animal =%). Conditionally dividing the studied predatory species into: small, medium and large, we determined: active predators intensively tracking their prey and leading high physical activity. Specialized predators that get food by sneaking up and chasing for short distances, not able to run for a long time. Predator-gatherers. In which this feature was an adaptive reaction in the course of evolution for the survival of the species in adverse conditions, food competition and settlement of new territories.

SEASONAL PERFORMANCE OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EXAMPLE THE YOUNG OF RUSSIAN STURGEON, ACCORDING TO THE FEEDING MODE AND FOOD COMPOSITION

The article presents the results of the accelerated recovery after loss of weight and physiological status after wintering, for example, Russian sturgeon ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii , Brandt) juveniles aged 1+…2+ years in LLC "Fish farm "Aquatrade" (the Astrakhan Region). There was determined weight, length, fatness of fishes, content of hemoglobin, whey protein, lipids, cholesterol in blood, erythrocytes sedimentation rate at the age of 18 months (before wintering), 24 months (after wintering), 25 and 26 months (in the feeding process), 31 months (after recovering period). Before wintering the young was characterized by optimum physiological rates, after wintering (age 24 months) physiological state got worse; weight loss made 7-8%; fatness decreased from 0.48 ± 0.03 to 0.45 ± 0.4 units. At the first stage of the experiment after wintering the young was fed by compound feed "Aquarex 48/17" (higher content of lipids and protein, experiment) and "Aquarex 45/12" (standard recipe, control). Feed duration was not longer than 25 days. Growth rate of the young under experiment appeared higher that that under control: on average, weight of fishes aged 25 months made 600 ± 21.1 (experiment) and 560 ± 2.6 g (control). Further feed of the young aged before 26 months, and further up to 31 months with standard recipy feed both in experiment and in controll showed more intensive growth in the experimental group: at the end of experiment weight of fishes made 1064.5 ± 33.8 (experiment) and 727.2 ± 32.9 (control). Young physiological status greatly optimized. Short-term feeding of the sturgeon young after wintering with combined feed "Aquarex 48/17" shortens the period of recovering from losses of weight and physiological status to 5 days and shoprtens time and costs of growing commodity product.